Samuel Beckett Essay -- essays research papers

Becketts Absurd CharactersBeckett did not view and communicate the problem of absurdness in any form of philosophical theory (he never wrote any philosophical essays, as Camus or Sartre did), his expression is exclusively the artistic language of theatre. In this chapter, I analyse the life situation of Becketts characters finding and pointing at the parallels between the philosophical background of the Absurdity and Becketts artistic view.As I have already mentioned in the biography chapter, Beckett read various philosophical treatises he was mostly interested in Descartes, Schopenhauer, and Geulincx. These thinkers are the main sources which influenced and formed Becketts view of the world as well as his literary writings.Becketts major and the only theme appearing and recurring in all his works, is exclusively the theme of musical composition. Beckett is interested in man as an individual, in his ingrained attitude to the world, in confrontation of individual subject with the objective reality.According to Descartes, human being is composed of two divergent substances body (res extensa) and assessment (res cogitas).21 The body is a part of a mechanical nature, a material substance independent from spirit and the mind, a pure mentation substance. This distinction of the two qualitative different substances is called subject-object "Cartesian dualism", 22 and it gave rise to number of philosophical problems, the essence of which is Their mutual connection.Becketts characters are such subjective thinking substances surrounded by mechanical material nature and as the subject-object connection was the most problematic part of Descartes concept, it is one of the major motifs Beckett deals with. He uses dramatic symbols, to express the barriers and the walls between the worlds "in" and "out" as to demonstrate their incompatibility. His characters are physically isolated from what is happening "outside" and the space they are imprisoned in, is their inner subjective world. "A Beckett hero is always in conflict with objects around him... he is divided from the rest of the world, a stranger to its desires and needs. The dichotomy between his own mind and body finds an analogy in the outside world in the dichotomy between people and objects. ...tension is created between mind and body, on one hand, and people and objects, on the ot... ...tion, 1992. 10. Friedrich Nietzsche, Tak pravil Zarathustra, trans. Otokar Fischer, (Olomouc Votobia, 1992) 9. /translation mine/ 11. Martin Esslin, The Theatre of the Absurd (London Penguin Books, 1986) 23. 12. make up ones mind Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays, trans. Justin OBrien, (New York Vintage Books, 1961) 21-24. 13. Camus 38. 14. realize Diane Collinson, Fifty Major Philosophers A Reference Guide (London Routledge, 1997) 57-60. 15. Camus 10. 16. Camus 90. 17. Camus 4. 18. see Camus 3-8. 19. Camus 88. 20. Camus 89. 21. see Collinson 58. 2 2. Collinson 57. 23. Carolyn Riley and Barbara Harte, eds., Contemporary Literary Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Todays Novelists, Poets, Playwrights and Other Creative Writers, vol. 1 (Detroit Book Tower, 1973- ) 20. 24. Camus 11. 25. see Collins 100-103. 26. see Collins 100-103. 27. see Arthur Schopenhauer, Svet jako vule a predstava. trans. Jan Dvorak, ed. Thomas Mann (Olomouc Votobia, 1993). 28. Collins 103. 29. see Camus 33. 30. see Schopenhauer 19. 31. see Friedrich Nietzsche, Filosofie v tragickem obdobi Reku, trans. Jan Brezina and Jiri Horak, (Olomouc Rektorat UP, 1992) 46-52.

Multiple Personality Disorder :: Disorder Psychological Personalities Essays

Multiple Personality DisorderMore than two trillion cases can be found altogether in psychological and psychiatric records of multiple soulality disorder also called dissociative identity disorder. It is often conception that multiple temperament disorder is a trick, a bizarre form of play-acting that is committed by manipulative, attention-seeking undivideds. It is not. Multiple personality disorder is a disorder of hide wherein 80-90% of multiple personality disorder patients do not have a clue that they have the disorder. Most know that there is well-nighthing wrong with them many terror that they are crazy, but few know that they have a disorder.What is Multiple Personality Disorder?Multiple personalities is a dissociate reaction to stress in which the patient develops two or more personalities. Each personality has a distinct, well-developed emotional and thought process and represents a unique and relatively stable personality. The soulfulness may change from one perso nality to another at periods varying from a few minutes to several years. The personalities are usually very unlike and have different attitudes one may be happy, carefree and fun loving, and another quiet, studious, and serious.People can have up to fifty personalities or more. entirely personalities usually will have their own name and their own role. For example one personality can be the keeper of pain, his role is to take and rule all the pain that the other personalities come in contact with. The personality also can have their own appearance, but this does not mean the person changes its outer image it is just the way he/she sees inside his/her head. The personalities will also have different ages, talents, and likes and dislikes. For exampleIn the novel, The Minds of Billy Miligin, there was a man who had twenty-four personalities. All of his twenty-four personalities were different. They had different ages, their own appearance, and some were of the opposite sex. The pers onalities all had their own role and their own talents. There was one personality that was right handed all others were left handed, only one smoked, one had a British accent another Slavic. Many used their own talents some liked to paint, one was an escape artist, one was a karate expert and another a sculptor. Various types of relationships may exist between the different personalities. Usually the individual alternates from one personality to the other, and can not remember in one, what happened in the other. Occasionally however while one personality is dominant and occasions consciously, the other continues to function sub-consciously and is referred to the co conscious personality.

Crop Circles :: essays research papers fc

Crop Circles collect been found throughout the whole country. Theyare one of the more or less intriguing things that I have read and researched. Therehave to a fault been legion(predicate) shows that I have watched that have been very interesting.The first recent evidence of a grade dress circle was in 1966 in Tully England.The circles themselves ranged from a few inches in diameter to a few feet.There is to a fault evidence of a crop circle in Hertfordshire, England in 1678.There have been many theories as to why these peculiar circular shapeshave appeared in peoples crops. These theories include UFOs, energy fields,and also plasma vortexes(sine 1). There is no evidence as to how these patternsare formed. There is evidence that there is an electric field aroound someof these circles. One theory is that electrified get off forms mini-tornadoesand causes the circles. This is called the Plasma Vortex Theory(Sine 1).Another theory that is very prominent is that all of these circl es are hoaxesand were made by people to recieve publicity. Hoaxes are blamed for many ofthe circles especially the ones that are more complex. There have been peopleto admit to man making some of these circles. Two people who have admittedto this are Doug spindle and David Chorley(Sine 1). They admitted to fakingaround two hundred fifty cirle formations. Many of the circles that were admittedhoaxes were under suspicion because of there ragged look. Also some of themore complex and intricat ones are aspect to be fakes. The amount of thesecircles is proof in itself and the fact that they are spread throughout theworld is also proof that it is not all a hoax. The most interesting theoryis that UFOs made the circles(sine2). there have been sightings of UFOsand circles have been at the sight the next morning. There also has been sightingdsof balls of light over the fields at night that have left these circles onthe ground. When some of these circles have appeared a sceaming(Sine 1)noi se was heard in the night along with strange nocturnal lights. Sometimein the 1970s circles appeared on the farm of a guy anmed Billy Meiers farm.This person also had claimed to have been abducted by aliens in the past.The grass was flat but not broken just bent over.

Demings Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Essay -- essay

Demings Principles of Total Quality solicitude (TQM)Clarify your Concept make up ones mind your mission/vision/goal -- aim for constant quantity improvement in the product orservice you offer your clients. You cannot do this without maintaining a high take aimof motivation and satisfaction in the people that exemplify your organization --consider that an aspect of your goal.Realize your ConceptWith clear vision and energetic motivation, make your idea a matter of dailypractice accept a long term, not short term profit orientation. find, understand (the causes), and root out the 4 detriments (fear, jealousy,anger, revenge). eliminate practices that undermine workers self / mutual delight in andmotivation (production quotas, sloganeering, sexist / racist expressions,favoritism / nepotism). foster all chances for pride of workmanship and sharing in the improvementprocess. System & Process Management the Core of TQM PracticeStudy and understand in ever greater depth the process of production or servicethat you are delivering. Demings 85/15 detect 85% of a workers effectiveness isdetermined by the ashes he works within, only 15% by his own skill. To breakdown your system into meaningful blocks for analysis, consider your "internalcustomers" of processes. Look at inputs from suppliers -- when you understand the importance ofquality and timeliness in your inputs, you will stop buying on low-bid only. numerical analysis of process -- use Statistical Pr... Demings Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) Essay -- essay Demings Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM)Clarify your ConceptDefine your mission/vision/goal -- aim for constant improvement in the product orservice you offer your clients. You cannot do this without maintaining a high levelof motivation and satisfaction in the people that comprise your organization --consider that an aspect of your goal.Realize your ConceptWith clear vision and energetic motivation, make your concept a matter of dailypracticehave a long term, not short term profit orientation. find, understand (the causes), and root out the 4 detriments (fear, jealousy,anger, revenge). eliminate practices that undermine workers self / mutual respect andmotivation (production quotas, sloganeering, sexist / racist expressions,favoritism / nepotism). foster all chances for pride of workmanship and sharing in the improvementprocess. System & Process Management the Core of TQM PracticeStudy and understand in ever greater depth the process of production or servicethat you are delivering. Demings 85/15 rule 85% of a workers effectiveness isdetermined by the system he works within, only 15% by his own skill. To breakdown your system into meaningful blocks for analysis, consider your "internalcustomers" of processes. Look at inputs from suppliers -- when you understand the importance ofquality and timeliness in your inputs, you will stop buying on low-bid only. Quantitative analysis of process -- use Statistical Pr...

Decision In Paradise Essay example -- decision paradise Business

Decisions in ParadiseAs stated in Decisions in Paradise I, Kava has struggled with many obstacles that have continueed this country from becoming a beautiful and a well- known paradise attraction. At this portion of the project, AJA Consulting Firm would like to continue our vision by establishing a greater presence in Kava. Critical thinking is an important part of the decision making process which is essential to ensure decisions are well thought out and possibly prevent individuals from making bad decisions or mistakes that could be costly and in some instances, deadly. No matter what kind of decision an individual makes critical thinking is a very useful tool. Our proposal will display critical thinking skills learned and present a portion of the nine step decision- making techniques to scratch possible solutions to those problems and how those solutions could affect the island of Kava. At this time, the stakeholders need information to make a sound judgme nt concerning the project. Several tools are available to gather statistics that will suffice stakeholders in determining if the project risks are worth the investment. To start, an individual would need to know who the stakeholders are. A stakeholder may be defined as an individual who perceives themselves as some oneness having an interest in the actions of the organization such as customers, shareholders, employees, or members of a community. By identifying the stakeholders, the project planners can study the individual or conference concerns through a stakeholder analysis. De Kluyver and Pearce state that a stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying and prioritizing key stakeholders, assessing their needs and concerns, and incorporating their ide... ...king a problem through. The individual will have self rapture knowing that a decision was not made in haste and to know that all angles and possible avenues have been explored from understanding what point he is arduo us to convey. Learning to think critically can help an individual avoid buying into fallacies and limited thinking. When one applies critical thinking to the decision making process, one is less likely to end up making a poor decision.ReferencesDe Kluyver, C., Pearce, J. (2006) What is strategy. Strategy A View from the Top (An Executive Perspective) (pp. 1-14). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice HallPaul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Decision In Paradise Essay example -- decision paradise Business

Decisions in ParadiseAs stated in Decisions in Paradise I, Kava has struggled with many obstacles that boast prevented this inelegant from becoming a beautiful and a well- known paradise attraction. At this portion of the project, AJA Consulting Firm would like to continue our vision by establishing a greater presence in Kava. Critical thinking is an important part of the ratiocination making process which is essential to ensure decisions are well thought forbidden and possibly prevent unmarrieds from making bad decisions or mistakes that could be costly and in some instances, deadly. No matter what kind of decision an individual makes critical thinking is a very useful tool. Our proposal will display critical thinking skills learned and present a portion of the nine tempo decision- making techniques to find possible solutions to those problems and how those solutions could affect the island of Kava. At this time, the stakeholders need information to make a sound judgment concerning the project. Several tools are available to meet statistics that will assist stakeholders in determining if the project risks are worth the investment. To start, an individual would need to know who the stakeholders are. A stakeholder may be defined as an individual who perceives themselves as someone having an interest in the actions of the organization such as customers, shareholders, employees, or members of a community. By identifying the stakeholders, the project planners can study the individual or group concerns through a stakeholder analysis. De Kluyver and Pearce state that a stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying and prioritizing key stakeholders, assessing their needs and concerns, and incorporating their ide... ...king a problem through. The individual will have self gratification knowing that a decision was not made in haste and to know that all angles and possible avenues have been explored from understanding what percentage point he is trying to convey. Learning to think critically can help an individual avoid buying into fallacies and limited thinking. When one applies critical thinking to the decision making process, one is less likely to end up making a poor decision.ReferencesDe Kluyver, C., Pearce, J. (2006) What is strategy. Strategy A View from the Top (An Executive Perspective) (pp. 1-14). f number Saddle River, NJ Prentice HallPaul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Brisingr- Eragon Book Report

Discuss how the author engaged the reader in your chosen fiction loudness, using setting, plot, theme and citationization. Also convey your idea/s roughly the authors message. The book Brisingr by Christopher Paolini is an astonishing adventurous fantasy story that is part of the Eragon trilogy. It is an intriguing story that is loved by millions all around the world. The book takes a lot of reference from the famous world known book Lord of the Rings and therefore is recommended for the fans of it. This book report will tell you about its setting, plot, theme and characterization.The setting in Brisingr takes place in various places because the characters Eragon and his dragon, Saphira are led to different adventures. At first, Eragon and Saphira are inside of the country named Surda, helping his cousin Roran, rescue his future wife from the horrible creatures called the Razac. After they rescue her, they set out to see the crowning of the next dwarf king in the dwarf city of Tronjheim. Later, they find themselves going to their elf teacher Oromis and his dragon Glaedr in the elf city named Ellesmera. Brisingr is told in a three-person view point including, Eragon, his cousin, Roran and the attracter of the Varden, Nasuada. The plot starts when Eragon goes off with his cousin Roran to rescue his betrothed, Katrina from the Razac. They knock down one of them and rescue Katrina safely. Eragon tells Roran to go on to Surda while he will be killing the other Razac. Eragon kills him and when he comes back to the Surda, Roran is marrying Katrina and asks his cousin to hold the wedding. Eragon agrees but alas, a sudden attack from the Empire came up in the middle of the wedding.Elven spell-casters instigate Eragon and Saphira and cause Murtagh, his past friend who was captured by the evil Emperor Galbatorix and his dragon, Thorn to flee, winning the battle. After that battle Eragon realizes how strong Murtagh had become in the past a couple of(prenominal) weeks. He thinks his teacher, Oromis and his dragon, Glaedr know how to defeat the evil Galbatorix and why Murtaghs power grows so fast. Therefore, when Nasuada sends them to witness the coronation of the next dwarf king, he pleads her to let him go to the elven city of Ellesmera, in order to ask his teachers.Nasuada considered the idea and then agreed after perhaps a tenth argument with Eragon. So later, when Eragon finds out the hidden of Galbatorixs power, he has to start thinking how to defeat Galbatorix, which will come out in Paolinis next book. The theme in Brisingr is redemption. When the Razac captured Rorans beloved Katrina, he blames himself for that mistake. He keeps blaming himself over and over again until he finally rescues her. Then he finds his redemption. Eragon finds his redemption after he defeated Murtagh.In the previous book Eldest he had lost easily to Murtagh and he thought it was his fault that he wasnt learning enough until he defeats him during Rorans wed ding. Oromis, Eragons teacher and the only other Dragon Rider non counting Eragon, Murtagh and Galbatorix, was hidden with the elves for over a century, watching his comrades slowly fall, unable to do anything. He was really sorrowful, but he knew he had to stay alive and hidden in order to teach one Rider that might rich person to face Galbatorix in the future.Still, the doubt was growing every year, and when he finally gets to fight again at the end, he is still very sick and not as strong as he ones been. Galbatorix gives him a chance to surrender, but Oromis refuses, and dies, but deep inside, he finally feels calm and peaceful because of his redemption. Eragon, the main character in the book, changes throughout the story. It seems in the beginning, he was feeling really miserable after he discovered the awful truth of his father.Murtagh told him that Morzan, one of the Forsworn, the one who betrayed his comrades and helped Galbatorix kill all the Riders, was his father, and M urtagh, was his brother. He was bearing a huge weight on his shoulders, thinking of his horrible parents, until Oromis tell him that his real father was Brom, his past teacher who died. In his heart, Eragon always knew that was the truth, he knew that Brom was worry his father, but he never accepted the truth. When he finally heard the real story of his parentage, he changes to a to a greater extent proud person, a person who wants to be like his parents.Eragon grows up and becomes more mature as the book progresses, getting to be more and more like Brom, which is probably going to make him one of the best Dragon Riders in the future. The message in Brisingr is that Eragon went from being a farm boy to one of the more or less important people in the whole Empire. Paolini is saying that anyone can be anything, and greatness is not dictated by circumstances of you birth. Paolini is a wonderful writer, and he is certainly very talented in writing cutting edge situations. This book pr oved to be very intriguing and is recommended to anyone who loves fantasy stories.

Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsability

Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities and stakeholders. Tim Hortons understands well this concept and the importance of corporate affectionate responsibility. Making a True Difference is the way Tim Hortons defines sustainability and responsibility and the overarching framework that brings together all of our programs and initiatives.Making a True Difference helps guide us on our corporate social responsibility journey, supports our overall view to be a quality leader across all sectors in Canada and sustain our mission to fork up superior quality products and services for our guests and communities. Making a True Difference initiative include the following programs to help individuals, communities and the planet Tim Hortons Childrens hindquarters The F oundation is a non-profit, charitable organization committed to providing a fun-filled camp environment for children from economically disadvantaged homes. Local Programs Tim Hortons is proud to support local initiatives that make a difference like Tim Hortons Smile Cookie, Free Summer Swimming, Timbits Minor Sports Program, Earn-a-Bike Program, Remembrance Day, etc. Sponsorships Tim Hortons believes in giving back to the communities by participating in events, much(prenominal) as confederation festivals, or partnering with groups, such as minor sports teams, that are important to the community as a whole. Coffee Partnership The overall vision of the Tim Hortons Coffee Partnership is to help build sustainable coffee communities by supporting coffee farmers in key areas that will improve their coffee avocation and their lives. Aboriginal Relations Tim Hortons have been working on implementing a meaningful, structured and long-term partnership with the Aboriginal community. Animal Welfare at Tim Hortons Animal benefit is an important issue to Tim Hortons and all its stakeholders, including Restaurant Owners, suppliers, investors and guests.The company considers animal welfare to apply to all aspects of animal care of the farm animals within the supply chain of mountains Waste Reduction Tim Hortons promotes waste reduction through various in-store programs and continues to create awareness ab pop out the environment, litter, and the importance of keeping the neighborhoods clean. Tim Hortons CSR programs Achievements Tim Horton Childrens Foundation (THCF) welcomed 13,414 campers in 2011. In 2011, THCF gave out 243 bursaries for post-secondary education worth $600,000 to graduates of the youthfulness Leadership Program. Approximately $9. million was raised on Camp Day in 2011, benefitting the THCF. $16 million invested in community initiatives across Canada and the United States. Smile Cookie program raised $4 million for local charities across Canada and the United States. Developed and implemented programs and initiatives within the Education, Employment, Empowering Youth and Economic Development pillars of Horizons Tim Hortons Aboriginal Relations Program The number of restaurants diverting our hot beverage cups and other paper packaging increased by 22 per cent in 2011 to more than 800 restaurants Achievement of a 6. percent increase in fuel efficiency of the companys distribution fleet since 2008. 9% reduction in water consumption at our corporate buildings in 2011 compared to our baseline year of 2008. Animal Welfare Policy was revised and commitment made to source wizard per cent of system-wide eggs from enriched-cage hen housing systems as well as to encourage the pork industry to move away from using gestation crates over time.

Biblical Accuracy

January 3, 2012/17 Rhetoric I Ask In Kennedys inaugural address he pledges to help the people around the human race who struggle to break the bonds of misery. He wishes to help these people because it is the right thing to do. This shows that there was much poverty around the innovation at the time. Even the ample needed help Kennedy said, If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, then it cannot save the few who are rich. Kennedy also wanted to attend the survival and success of liberty. He wanted every nation to know that America would do anything to preserve and spread liberty.In his inaugural address, Kennedy uses the oxymoron peaceful revolution. He was referring to the peace he wanted to maintain with Mexico. Likewise Kennedy wanted to pursue and attain world peace. In his 1961 inaugural speech, Kennedy states numerous times the achievement of world peace. He understood that peace would be difficult to accomplish. Therefore he made a re request to the enemy to begin anew a quest for peace. He states that the only way to achieve peace would be to have arms sufficient beyond doubt because only then testament they be certain to never be used on each other.Yet peace is a distant dream because both sides are frantic to not be outdone by the opposing force. Which goes back to what Kennedy said, let us begin anew. A way to achieve harmony is to let us never talk over out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. Another way to attain serenity according to Kennedy, is to have both sides explore what will unite them instead of dwelling on what separates them. Lastly, a way to unite the world would be to explore the endless wonders of science together.Kennedy explains this specific road to peacefulness by using parallelism. Kennedys words on obtaining peace suggest that a war, the cold war precisely, was occurring. John F. Kennedy is considered to be one of Americas greatest presidents. Its not to a great extent to see why with his elabora te, inspirational speeches. Kennedy loved America and wanted the best for her, peace, freedom, unity, and liberty. It was JFK that said these motivational words, United, there is gnomish we cannot do Divided there is little we can do.

Academic Writing Skills Guide Essay

first appearance Preface to the first variant (2002) We be possessed of written this impart for you to help you on the mood to becoming proficient in your chosen field of economics or business administration. As you advance in your studies, you every(prenominal)ow demonstrate your proficiency th unmown the essays, reports, case reports, and an different(prenominal) texts that you pull through. Your piece is thus a marker of your relative expertise in your discipline. Yet, it is also a means in itself. piece of writing helps you organize your submit got estimations, discover the strengths and weaknesses in your thinking, and internalize the knowledge you construct.We hope this guide pull up stakes help you on your way. But like all guides, it does not contain everything. As Voltaire said, the best way to be boring is to leave nothing pop out This guide acts as a rootageer it is up to you to . go deeper. Just as you go out baring with your writing assignments, we too have gone through the writing regale in the construction of this guide. We constructed a plan, consulted numerous sources and battalion, wrote the text, revisal it, and edited it, all the prison term trying to keep it dismiss and simple.See moreThe 3 Types of Satire EssayIn coiffeting to fetchher this guide, we have aimed to follow Ernest Hemingway who said, My aim is to put d confess on root what I see and what I feel in the best and simplest way. We hope we have succeeded. Henri Mennens, atomic number 62 Robert Wilkinson, MSc Second edition (2010) The second edition of this guide to pedantic writing is a thorough revision of the first edition (2002). Apart from changes to chapter 2, we have signifi elicittly changed chapters 3 and 5. In addition, we have completely rewritten chapter 4 on citing and referencing in line with the current (2010) citation and reference norms of the Ameri arse Psycho crystal clear Association.Major changes also entail the opening of many more exercisings. In addition, the format requirements for submitting accounts has changed. 2 comport to Academic Writing Skills existence We have not allowd information on grammar and punctuation, since we expect students at the School of Business and Economics to have a good command of these aspects on entry. However, we atomic number 18 aw are that many social function of goods and servicesrs of this guide will wish to seek reassurance in this respect. We recommend users to consult a good grammar book or one of the many good writing sites on the Internet.Robert Wilkinson, MSc Jeannette Hommes, MA NOTE the Guide is not bring ined in the format that you have to present your papers (see section 5). However, w here(predicate) extracts of student essays are given, these are in the inevitable format. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the many people and sources we have consulted during the construction of this guide. In particular, we would like to express than ks to Henri Mennens for his work on the first edition, and Keith Campbell of the Language revolve rough who adapted the first edition of this guide in 2006.We also thank the Academic Writing tutors of the Language Centre for their inputs and the many students who have made use of the first edition. Furthermore, we are indebted to Mike Hannay and Lachlan Mackenzie, whose book Effective writing in English A resource guide (both the 1996 and 2002 editions) has been a major source of information for chapters 2 and 3. We acknowledge the American Psychological Association whose Publication manual (American Psychological Association, 6th ed. , 2010) has been an excellent support in the construction of chapter 4 in this guide.Finally, we are grateful to the Director of the School of Business and Economics for supporting the production of this second edition. 3 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Introduction 1. Introduction Academic writing covers the wide range of specific writing tasks th at you are required to write during the course of your academic studies papers, reports, literature reviews, projects, case studies, dissertations, theses, look for papers, and articles. Some of these text types are quite rare outside the academic environment (papers, literature reviews, dissertations, theses) others (reports, projects, etc.) whitethorn well be aiming at a lots broader public.However, what they all have in common is a similar type of sympathiseer a person educated in the specialist field (here economics or business studies), and usually acting as a professional in that field. These target readers represent the professional community of which you aim to become a member. To be accepted as member requires you to meet the norms and standards that the professional community expects. Thus with regard to writing, you are pass judgment to adhere to the norms expected by the (international) academic community.Compare this to a relay race in athletics. In the relay race, y ou run with troika other runners. If you are one of the two middle runners, you have to collect the baton smoothly from the front runner and pass it on to the next runner. In the relay race your team runs against other teams (your local community). all(prenominal) of you have to run concord to the set of rules agreed by the sports governing body (the professional community). If you do not, your team may be disqualified. The rules set the modeling for a potentially colossal race, and within the rules there is vast scope for individual flair and talent.So with academic writing you have to write according to the rules deliverd to write well demands your own indi, vidual talent and enterprise. Just as a amplyly skilled athlete knows how to use the rules to his advantage, so an expert source uses the norms and standards of professional academic writing to persuade readers of the power of his argument. We should not extend this athletics analogy too far sports have clear sets of rules that everyone can read and study academic writing does not. What a professional academic field has is a set of overt norms, such as a style guide.This guide is based on the editorial style requirements described in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010). Alongside these is a set of covert norms that are just as powerful. Examples of the covert norms will be the nature of argumentation that is considered acceptable in the field. Covert norms are privy and therefore take a long time to acquire. Most novice writers acquire them through extensive reading in the field, and by granting diligent attention to the way other writers use 4Guide to Academic Writing Skills Introduction language. This process of acquisition demands close observation of how expert writers use words and expressions differently in different types of text, e. g. literature reviews or case studies in a single field (e. g. commercializeing). Academic p apers (and most other forms of academic writing) are typically expository or argumentative. An expository or informative paper describes or explains a particular set of phenomena, and provides an account of wherefore these phenomena are found in one or more specific situations or contexts.The terminal of the expository paper is also to acquaint the reader with a body of knowledge. An argumentative or persuasive paper must choose a side, make a case for it, consider and refute alternative arguments, and come on to the undecided reader that the opinion it presents is the best one. You must be aware of other sides and be fair to them dismissing them completely will weaken your own argument. It is unendingly best to take a side that you believe in, preferably with the most supporting evidence. To develop a good academic paper you should go through a number of distributor points, called the writing process.The following seven stages can be distinguished The writing process 1. Thinki ng stage 2. Research stage 3. muster in stage 4. Drafting stage 5. Revising stage 6. Editing stage 7. Final adaption stage Planning process Transfer in a first draft output Revising & editing Final output shape 1. Stages of the writing process 1. Thinking stage In this stage you root your topic area (which may of course already be given), brainstorm about ideas on the topic, select, reject and focus those ideas, before arriving at your final choice. 5 Guide to Academic Writing Skills.Introduction 2. Research stage Here you search for and study context literature and other materials, analyse the results, draw your own conclusions and interpretations, etc. 3. Outline stage In this stage you draft an limn of the paper you intend to write, setting out your master(prenominal) aim or map in the paper (the purpose relation or thesis statement), sketch how you will develop the points that follow from the purpose, and indicate how you will conclude the paper. 4. Drafting stage Her e you put down on screen successively improved versions of your paper.5. Revising stage In this stage you scan your work on a macro level for logical coherence, staying whether you need to add or delete information, whether sections need rephrasing for clarification. 6. Editing stage Here you edit your text on a micro level, checking the grammar, spelling, punctuation, in-text citations, references and the layout. 7. Final version stage In this stage you set out the final paper neatly and clearly. Writing a paper is recursive you do not start at the beginning, and work through straight to the end, and that is that.At all times you will be backtracking or iterationso that as you are , writing your first draft, you may discover you need to add more information and have to return to the investigate stage. During the revise stage, you may discover that your original plan was too broad, and so decide to cut out a whole section. You may produce several revised versions of the paper b efore your final version. Do not forget to allow yourself plenty of time between writing your first draft and your final version. Figure 2 illustrates the three groups of actions in writing a paper, the supplying process, the transfer, and revision and editing.The figure emphasizes the recursive nature of writing a paper in that individually action not only feeds into the next but feeds back into the previous actions, entailing revision of those actions. 6 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Introduction You may start with a plan, conduct some(prenominal) research (reading, library and/or Internet search), analyse and then synthesize the information you have acquired, construct a promontory or a statement that you will examine, draft an draft, write a rough draft of the introduction, start writing the body, then stop.You go back, conduct some more research, adjust your outline, rewrite the body, write a bit more, adjust the introduction, perhaps adjust the statement of your purpo se, then stop again. You conduct more research, rewrite the body again, draft a conclusion, go back to the introduction, adjust the purpose, rewrite the introduction, then stop. You let the paper simmerfor a while, then reread it, adjusting here and there for content accuracy, perhaps search or check for a contrary argument, throw out less(prenominal) relevant parts of the paper, check the logical development of your ideas and arguments, and wrap up the conclusion.Then you check again for spelling (using the spellchecker, but also reading carefully word by word), check for grammar (using the grammar draw sagely), check all punctuation, check the layout, check the citations and the references. You check too for sentence length (eliminate very long, rambling sentences), check dissever structure (particularly if the topic of the paragraph changes in the paragraph check the subjects of the main verbs), check the logical links between paragraphs and sections. And so on. Figure 2 Th e writing process and its recursive nature (Bruer, 1993).This guide is organized as follows. Chapter 2 focuses on the cooking process, describing the planning activities and the construction of an outline. Chapter 3 elaborates on the structuring of the paper, through a detailed discussion of the three parts of a paper, introduction, body, and conclusion. Moreover, structuring a paper efficaciously requires that you write wellconstructed paragraphs this chapter also provides brief guidelines on paragraph organization. Chapter 4 explains the importance of citing sources and giving references, and provides guidelines how to put them in the paper in a correct way.Chapter 5 concentrates on finalizing the paper. This chapter discusses the format requirements, text revision and the evaluation of the paper. To conclude, this guide helps you to master the process of academic writing, which you can apply to the specific writing assignments during the course of your academic studies. It spec ifies the elements necessary to a successful academic paper. But keep in mind two things. First, for each one assignment will be different and require a different organization. Second, writing is a skill7 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Introductionyou only get better at a skill through regular practice. Regular practice leads to routine and expertise. The application of the principles of this guide can be of use until your last writing examination the final thesis. However, this guide just contains a brief summary of the different topics discussed. For more information you should consult literature, especially the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, 6th ed. , in the University Library), and the Internet. Besides, keep in mind that the writing process is not just scarcely following a set of rules.Try to develop your own style, expertise and talent, in order to distinguish yourself. Good luck with your writing career 8 Guide to Academic Writing Skil ls The planning process 2. The planning process In order to get a good start to writing your paper, it is outstanding that you go successfully through the planning process. This chapter describes the different activities of the planning process. Then, section 2. 2 discusses the most important stage of the planning process the construction of an outline. 2. 1. The planning activities.During the planning process, according to Hannay and Mackenzie (2002), you are concerned with six major activities 1 Generating ideas for the content. Ideas for content can come from several sources from your own knowledge, from discussions with other people, and from various media sources (written texts, audio-visual media and electronic media). Brainstorming techniques help you to generate ideas in the first two categories. 2 Selecting and classifying points. Here you are concerned with ordering your ideas. Analyse them to determine the extent to which they are connected with each other.Ideas and conc epts that are highly connected are likely to form key points in your texts. Those which are less closely connected may form essential supporting topics, or may need to be abandoned. Some may require more development. Always be prepared to get rid of ideas that prove not to be relevant to your argument. 3 Establishing your perspective. In this activity you need to decide what angle you are going to take with your material. argon you taking a historical perspective, or only discussing the present situation? Are you taking an objective sight, or are you bringing in your own personal standpoint?Are you taking a cosmopolitan viewpoint, or only a specific case? Are you looking at the field of study from your home country perspective? Are you discussing a general issue or only a nas tional situation? 9 Guide to Academic Writing Skills The planning process 4 Determining your intention. Now you need to consider what you want to do with the text. Do you want to present both sides of an arg ument equally, or do you want to present only one side? Do you need to give examples, or will your argumentation be sufficient on its own? Do you want to persuade the reader of your opinion, or are you only wishing to describe the matter?Do you want just to present a problem, or do you want to offer solutions as well? What you are going to do with your text must become very clear to the reader in the thesis statement this statement directs the readers to the purpose of the text. 5 Formulating a draft title, structuring the introduction and conclusion. Here you should set down a workings title and devise a draft structure for the introduction and the conclusion. At this stage your drafting should only be provisional you should write the actual version only after you have written the body of thepaper.This is because you do need to know what your introduction is indeed introducing, and you need to know what your conclusion is concluding. A multipurpose rule of thumb is Plan your intr oduction, then your conclusion, and then your body, but write your body, then your conclusion and then your introduction. 6 Drafting paragraph themes. At this stage, go back to the ideas (themes) you have selected and classified. Now you have to decide which will be suitable for your text. from each one theme usually is the basis for a single paragraph.Each theme too will require sufficient development so do not try to include too many. As a rough guide, you probably cannot treat adequately more than about 4 themes in a 1000-word paper (roughly 3 pages), while a 2500-word paper (roughly 6 pages) will seem overwhelming if it includes more than 9 or 10 themes. Once you have selected your themes, list the points that you need to make to support the theme in the paragraph. 2. 2. The planning outline The goal of the planning outline is to help you organize your ideas, and present them in a logical order.It serves to identify the relationships between the ideas it allows you to see how r elated ideas can be grouped together, and which ideas you can cut out, and which ideas need more support. A good outline helps you to maintain the direction in your paper, and prevents you from getting distracted into inappropriate information. 10 Guide to Academic Writing Skills The planning process Figure 3 lists six steps that may be considered in the development of a planning outline. 1 Decide the purpose of your paper and the audience you are writing for. 2.Develop a statement in which you define the goal or purpose of your paper (commonly called thesis statement). This clarifies what you are going to present or wall in the paper. At this stage you may not have a definitive version of this statement. 3 List all the important points you want to handle in the paper. These points have to be split in three main parts introduction, body, and conclusion. The points in the introduction include the stops that lead to the purpose or thesis statement (so-called background information) , and a statement of the purpose or goal that should now be defined precisely.When you are planning your paper, you will group all your ideas around one central theme. This theme forms the core of your purpose or thesis statement or research straits. The points in the body have to be logically organized so that they follow from your purpose and lead towards the conclusion. In a larger paper (for example a Master thesis), you usually develop a set of subquestions, covering the s points that lead to an answer to the research question. By answering step by step the different subquestions in the body, you can draw a structured and well-founded conclusion at the end.The points in the conclusion include the summary of the facts that lead to an answer to the statement or question you started with and the answer itself. 4 Categorize the points in the body under general headings so that you can identify which points need more development (e. g. you have to do more reading) and which points are not useful or relevant (delete these). carry precise, concrete words for the headings avoid vague terms. Relate the headings to the purpose of your paper. If your paper is describing a situation, you are more likely to choose noun structures for headings (for example Failure of Bretton Woods).If your paper is oriented to action, you may choose verbal structures typically -ing forms in English (for example Reforming the auditor duties). s 5 Work out how one idea follows logically from the previous one. Note down how you will make the transitions from point to point. This is a key step, but one that is often underrated. Failure to think out the transitions in the planning stage can cost you more time in the revising stage. 6 Finally, look back at the whole outline, and check that you are satisfied that it all hangs together logically and conceptually. Now you are ready to start writing. Figure 3.Six steps in the planning process. Outlines are generative. They are most useful if y ou modify them as you write in line with new thoughts or information. Some of you may find that a simple, less detailed written outline is sufficient you may be very competent in holding the full structure in your mind but you may add more detailed points to the outline as you progress. Most of you, however, find that a relatively detailed outline on paper is an effective reminder of what the goal of your paper is and of what you have selected from the literature, and an efficient guide to how far you have come.11 Guide to Academic Writing Skills The planning process An outline as a simple list of points (see Figure 4, box a) may not help you organize and structure your paper. A more organized outline (see Figure 4, box b) will help you see how the different parts hang together and may facilitate the writing. Many American writing textbooks and websites provide detailed guidance on writing outlines. Under the American company, outlines are structured using the following symbols ( Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals).This is only a convention used in the writing process it is not part of APA style, and under no circumstances should it be used in the final paper (see for example Purdue University Online Writing Lab http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/544/03/). Box c (Figs ure 4) illustrates the framework using the American conventions. a Unhelpful outline Topic The Struggle for the fluent Phone Market 1. Description of the European mobile phone market. 2. Major players Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens. 3. Focus of youth market. b Structured outline 4. Future trends in the market European Commission case on choline chloride cartel 1.Introduction 1. 1. Background to case choline chloride cartel 1. 2. Aim of paper (thesis) European Commission took the right determination to fine the firms, because they had formed a cartel, but the fines are not sufficient to discourage cartel forming in the future. Key economic issues 2. 1. Market description 2. 1 . 1. Producers 2. 1. 2. Consumers 2. 2. Agreements 2. 2. 1. harm fixing 2. 2. 2. Market sharing Economic feign on competition 3. 1. Fixed prices raised income for producers 3. 2. Market sharing reduced competition 3. 3. Economic impact of cartel (Perloff) 3. 3. 1. Oligopoly 3. 3. 2.Welfare analysis European Commission decision 4. 1. That the market is an oligopoly 4. 2. That the market is not competitive 4. 3. Punishment for firms 4. 3. 1. Fines 4. 3. 2. Leniency ruling Conclusions 5. 1. Summary 5. 2. hurt setting agreements have a big impact on the market 5. 3. Fines based on gravity and duration of infringement 5. 4. Leniency fines not high enough to discourage cartel formation in future. 2. 3. 4. 5. 12 Guide to Academic Writing Skills c Classic formal outline (American style) I. II. First item Second item A. sub-item B. sub-item 1. sub-sub-item 2. sub-sub-item Third item.The planning process III. Figure 4. Examples of outlines. 13 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Structuring 3 . Structuring On the basis of the outline, described in the previous chapter, it is now possible to continue with the structure of your paper. You started the structuring process already in steps three and four of the construction of an outline, described in section 2. 2. The structuring process continues by implementing these steps in the paper, starting with the introduction. Section 3. 1 discusses the structuring process of the introduction, section 3. 2. covers the middle part (or body), and section 3.3. the discussion and conclusion. Structuring a paper efficaciously also requires that you write well-constructed paragraphs. This is discussed briefly in section 3. 4. 3. 1. The introduction The introduction has three functions, all of which must be present. First, it sets the context by introducing the topic of your paper. This is called the background information. This information leads to the second function it specifies the purpose of the paper. Finally, the introduction cont ains a short outline of how you are going to handle the aspects of your topic in the rest of the paper. each introduction in which one of these functions is missing is necessarily incomplete. The length of the introduction varies from one paragraph to several pages, depending on the total length of the paper. Three other factors influence the length. First, how familiar are your readers with the context? If, for example, you are writing about small and medium-sized businesses in Nepal, you may have to explain much more of the Nepali background for readers who are less familiar with that country, since the readers may wish to compare Nepalese SMEs with those in other developing countries.Second, what the type of paper (or genre) are you writing? If, for example, you are writing a review of the academic literature on internet auction markets, your introduction might be quite short, since you will include the information from your review in the middle of your paper. Similarly, if you are examining a competition case from, say, the European Commission or the US Department of Justice, then you may not need much background information, for you can refer almost straightaway to the case.On the other hand, in a paper in which you argue a point of view (e.g. the abolition of export subsidies), then you may need to present adequate background information before introducing your pur- 14 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Structuring pose. Third, what economics or business discipline are you addressing? The length of introductions may differ between econometrics, labour economics, marketing, strategic management, and so on. It is wise to check by reading relevant previous papers in the target discipline and the target genre, as well as taking the readers familiarity into account.Nevertheless, as a useful rule of thumb, it is valuable to think of your introduction as being about one-eighth of the length of the text you are writing. Thus, the introduction to a 1000word paper would be about 125 words the introduction to a 10,000-word dissertation would contain about 1250 words, and may well appear as a short chapter in its own right. So treat the one-eighth concept as a guideline, not as a straightjacket. Writing the introduction depends firmly on personal preference.Some writers like to know exactly how they will begin before they start to elaborate the text they are aiming to write other writers prefer to know what they have written first, and then write the introduction to fit it, so that it leads to the purpose statement. Yet, a good rule of thumb is to write a draft introduction that leads to your purpose statement, then write the whole text, right to the conclusion, progressively editing as you go along. Only then do you return to your introduction and adjust or rewrite it so that it does indeed fit your paper neatly and satisfyingly.3. 1. 1. The background information The introduction prepares the readers for what follows. Thus, the introduction has an orientation function. Thus, it should therefore present enough background information so that the readers will recognize that the middle of your paper follows logically and coherently from the introduction you need to pay attention to what the reader can be expected to know already and what will be new. Your introduction is more effective when it progresses from the known to the unknown (Figure 5). 15 Guide to Academic Writing Skills.Structuring Prediction markets and their applicability for organizational decision making 1. Introduction Whether firms are successful or not depends to a great extent on their decisions about new products. Therefore, top management has large Background information (known less known) incentives to have as accurate information as possible on future demand and success of new products. Usual methods of forum this information include customer stacks and expert opinions. Often, however, these approaches are very wide of the mark and misleading.In order to avoid problems linked to the two methods mentioned above, firms came to think about whether or not to make use of portent markets as information gathering tools (Ho & Chen, 2007). New information (topic) Prediction markets, also known as information markets or future events (Wolfers & Zitzewitz, 2004), are markets in which price is used as an index number of the probability that a certain event will occur in the future (Manski, 2006). Market participants buy and sell contracts of the particular event they think will be likely to take place and they receive money when they betted correctly (Wolfers & Zitzewitz, 2004).This social occasion of paper paper investigates the question whether or not firms should engage in prediction markets to make informed decisions. Outline Firstly, it explains some general aspects of prediction markets. Secondly, it describes examples of this forecasting tool, focusing for illustration on the Iowa Electronic Market and finally it compares be nefits and disadvantages of implementing prediction markets in businesses. Figure 5. Example of an introduction from a first-year business paper. 16 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Structuring 3. 1. 2.The purpose statement The purpose statement is a vital component in academic papers. It marks the high point of the introduction. This statement is a clear expression of the purpose that your paper is expected to assert, explain, support, or defend (Fulwiler & Hayakawa, 2000). It summarizes the main idea of a paper and makes that idea explicit to the readers. The statement answers the questions the critical reader has what? Why does this paper exist? What it all about? So s In the literature on academic writing, you will meet the term thesis statement This term cov.ers the statement that the writer is going to argue in his or her paper.Strictly speaking, it is relevant to argumentative papers where you are advancing a claim (the thesis), and then in the paper you present the argume nts (evidence) that demonstrates whether the claim holds. An example of an argumentative paper is a position paper in which you set out a particular theoretical position (opinion) based on arguments (evidence). Many papers that you write will not be essentially argumentative papers. You may often simply be explaining a phenomenon or showing and analysing data.Sometimes, you may simply be answering an exploratory question. However, all papers do require a statement or question that neatly summarizes what you are going to do in your paper (see Table 1). Table 1. Types of papers and associated purpose statements*. Type of paper Argumentative paper Purpose as expressed Explanation You argue a proposition (claim). You present the arguments (evidence) for and against the claim, and decide whether the claim is supported or not. You start with a question about a phenomenon, and devise one or more hypotheses that you will test in your research.Your experimental paper reports the results. Exa mple Government action to restrict the bonuses paid to investment bankers is unwise because it is harmful to the economy as a whole. Are poor people more generous than rich people? Poor people will give a larger percentage of a monetary gift to poor people than rich people will. Thesis statement experimental per pa- Research question hypothesis 17 Guide to Academic Writing Skills Structuring Exploratory analysis data Research question You conduct a survey or a series of interviews, for example, but do not have an explicit hypothesis before you start.You have a research question, but do not know in advance what the answers may be. How much do students know about financing small and medium-sized businesses? Or This paper explores the knowledge students have about the financing of This paper reviews recent experimental research into the principal-agent relationship. This paper examines whether the economic grounds for thanksgiving the merger were sound. OR Were the economic grounds for approving the merger sound? The European Commission was justified in fining the lift manufacturers as their cartel had distorted competition and reduced consumer welfare.

Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Five

I DIDNT WANT TO SEE in all(a) whizz later on that. I trekked bear to my room as quickly as I could, hardly nonicing the obstacles and people in my path. Over and foreverywhere, Dimitris haggling played in my head Love fades. Mine has. some(a)how, that was the worst social function he could cast verbalize. Dont face me wrong The rest wasnt easy either. Having him tell me he was divergence to avoid me and ignore our past relationship made me ascertain awful to a fault. Yet, within that, no matter how much it hurt, was the tiny hope that in that location was di stillery almost spark of cognise between us. That he still love me. exactly love fades.That was somewhatthing else alto gainher. It wett that what we had would die, going pale until it crumbled and drifted away like dried up leaves in the wind. The thought of it caused a pain in my office and stomach, and I curled up on my bed, wrapping my arms around myself as though that might lessen the hurt. I couldnt accept what he had said. I couldnt accept that somehow, after his ordeal, his love for me had g unmatched away.I pauperizationed to stay in my room for the rest of the day, curled up in the darkness of my coers. I forgot ab fall proscribed Sydneys conversition and my earlier concerns about Lissas soda pop. I even allow go of Lissa herself. She had a few errands today, nevertheless every so often, a pass would flit to me through the bond Come join me?When I didnt contact her, she began to grow worried. I was suddenly scare that sheor someone elsemight fix seeking me in my room. So I decided to leave. I had no real destination I undecomposed had to relieve moving. I walked around the Court, scouting places Id never seen before. It was filled with more statues and fountains than Id realized. Their beauty was lost on me, though, and when I returned to my room hours later, I was exhausted from all the walking. Oh well. At least Id dodged having to talk to anyone.Or had I? It was late, past my usual bedtime, when a knock came at my door. I was hesitant to answer. Who would be coming by so late? Did I take the distraction or did I want to intimidate my solitude? I had no idea who it could be, save that it wasnt Lissa. God. For all I knew, it was Hans, de cosmosding to k right away wherefore I hadnt been showing up for my work detail. After much thinking (and more persistent knocking), I decided to open it.It was Adrian.Little dhampir, he said with a small, weary smile. You look like youve seen a ghost.Not a ghost, exactly. Believe me, I knew ghosts when I saw them. I just I just didnt in truth expect to see you after this morning.He entered and sat master on my bed, and I was glad to see hed cleaned up since our earlier talk. He wore mellisonant clothes, and his hair was back to its normal perfection. I still caught the lingering scent of cloves, nevertheless after what Id put him through, he was entitled to his vices.Yeah, well, I didnt expect to place by either, he admitted. But you well you got me thinking about something.I sat subject beside him, keeping a healthy distance. Us?No. Lissa.Oh. Id impeach Dimitri of beingness egotistic, scarcely here I was, naturally assuming love for me was all that could corroborate driven Adrian over.His green eyes turned speculative. I unplowed thinking about what youd said, about her dad. And you were rightright about the gambling thing. Hed have the money to pay off any debt. He wouldnt have had to keep it a secret. So I went and asked my mom.What? I exclaimed. No ones supposed to know thatYeah, yeah, I figured your information had been top secret. Dont worry. I told her that when we were in Vegas, we heard some people public lecture about itabout Lissas dad making secret deposits.Whatd she say?The aforementioned(prenominal) thing I did. Well, actually, she snapped at me first. She said Eric Dragomir was a reliable enough man and that I shouldnt spread narrations about the de ad. She suggested that maybe he had a gambling problem, just if so, people shouldnt focus on that, when he did so umteen gr wash up things. After the Death Watch, I think shes afraid of me causing more public scenes.Shes right. About Eric, I said. Maybe someone had stolen those records as some area of a slander campaign. Admittedly, spreading rumors about the dead was pointless, but maybe someone wanted to blacken the Dragomir reputation and claim rid of any chance of the voting law being changed for Lissa? I was about to say as much to Adrian when he interrupted with something even more shocking.And thus my dad overheard us, and he was like, He was plausibly funding some mistress. Youre righthe was a nice guy. But he liked to flirt. And he liked the ladies. Adrian involute his eyes. Thats a direct quote He liked the ladies. My dad is such an ass. He sounds twice his age.I gripped Adrians arm without realizing it. What did he say after that?Adrian shrugged but left my hand wh ere it was. Nothing. My mom got mad and said the similar thing to him that she said to me, that it was cruel to spread stories no one could prove.Do you think its admittedly? Do you think Lissas dad had a mistress? Was that what he was paying out for?Dont know, dinky dhampir. Honestly? My dads the type who would jump on any rumor he could. Or take on one up. I mean, we know Lissas dad liked to party. Its easy to jump to conclusions from there. Probably he had some dirty secret. Hell, we all do. Maybe whoever stole those files just wanted to exploit that.I told him my theory about it being used once morest Lissa. Or, I said, reconsidering, maybe someone who supports her took it. So that it wouldnt get out.Adrian nodded. Either way, I dont think Lissas in mortal danger.He started to rise, and I pulled him back. Adrian, wait I I swallowed. I wanted to apologize. The way Ive been treating you, what Ive been doing it wasnt fair to you. Im sorry.He looked away from me, eyes focused on the ground. You cant help the way you feel.The thing is I dont know how I feel. And that sounds stupid, but its the truth. I care about Dimitri. I was stupid to think Id be unaffected by him being back. But I realize now Love fades. Mine has. I realize now that its over with him. Im not saying thats easy to get past. Itll take a while, and Id be lying to both of us if I said it wouldnt.That makes sense, Adrian said.It does?He glanced at me, a flicker of amusement in his eyes. Yes, little dhampir. Some propagation you make sense. Go on.I well, like I said Ive got to heal from him. But I do care about you. I think I even love you a little. That got a small smile. I want to adjudicate again. I really do. I like having you in my life, but I may have jumped into things too soon before. You dont have any reason to want me after the way Ive dragged you around, but if you want to get together again, then I want to.He studied me for a long time, and my breath caught. Id meant what I said H e had every right to end things with us and yet, the thought that he might terrified me.At extreme, he pulled me against him and lay back against the bed. Rose, I have all sorts of reasons to want you. I havent been able to stay away from you since I saw you at the ski lodge.I shifted closer to Adrian on the bed and press my head against his chest. We can make this work. I know we can. If I screw up again, you can leave.If besides it were that easy, he laughed. You forget I have an addictive personality. Im addicted to you. Somehow I think you could do all sorts of bad things to me, and Id still watch over back to you. Just keep things honest, okay? Tell me what youre whim. If youre feeling something for Dimitri thats confusing you, tell me. Well work it out.I wanted to tell him thatregardless of my feelingshe had nothing to worry about with Dimitri because Dimitri had rejected me a number of times now. I could chase after Dimitri all I wanted, and it wouldnt do any good. Love fades. Those excogitates still stung, and I couldnt bear to give voice to that pain. But as Adrian held me and I thought about how understanding he was about all of this, some wounded part of me acknowledged that the opposite was true as well Love grows. I would try with him. I really would.I sighed. Youre not supposed to be this wise. Youre supposed to be shallow and unreasonable and andHe pressed a kiss to my forehead. And?Mmm ridiculous.Ridiculous I can manage. And the others but only on special occasions.We were cloaked close together now, and I tip my head to study him, the higher(prenominal) cheekbones and artfully messy hair that made him so gorgeous. I remembered his mothers words, that regardless of what we wanted, he and I would eventually have to part ways. Maybe this was how my life was going to be. Id always lose the men I loved.I pulled him hard against me, kissing his mouth with a force that caught even him by surprise. If I had learned anything about life and lo ve, it was that they were tenuous things that could end at any moment. Caution was essentialbut not at the cost of atrophy your life. I decided I wasnt going to waste it now.My hands were already tugging at Adrians shirt before that thought was fully formed. He didnt question it or hesitate in taking my clothes off in return. He might have moments of profoundness and understanding, but he was still well, Adrian. Adrian lived his life in the now, doing the things he wanted without much second-guessing. And he had wanted me for a very long time.He was withal very good at this sort of thing, which was why my clothes came off faster than his. His lips were hot and eager against my throat, but he was careful to never once let his fangs brush my skin. I was a little less gentle, surprising myself when I dug my nails into the bare skin of his back. His lips moved lower, tracing the line of my collarbone while he deftly took off my bra one-handed.I was a little astonished at my bodys rea ction as we both fought to get the others jeans off first. Id convinced myself that Id never want sex again after Dimitri, but right now? Oh, I wanted it. Maybe it was some psychological reaction to Dimitris rejection. Maybe it was an impulse to live for the moment. Maybe it was love for Adrian. Or maybe it was just lust.Whatever it was, it made me powerless beneath his hands and mouth, which seemed intent on exploring every part of me. The only time he paused was when all my clothes were finally off and I lay there naked with him. He was almost naked too, but I hadnt quite gotten to his short pants yet. (They were silk because, honestly, what else would Adrian wear?). He cupped my face up in his hands, his eyes filled with intensity and needand a bit of wonder.What are you, Rose Hathaway? Are you real? Youre a dream within a dream. Im afraid touching you will make me wake up. Youll disappear. I recognized a little of the poetic trance he sometimes fell into, the spells that made me wonder if he was catching a little of the spirit-induced madness.Touch me and find out, I said, drawing him to me.He didnt hesitate again. The last of his clothes came off, and my whole body heated at the feel of his skin and the way his hands slid over me. My physical needs were rapidly trampling over any logic and reason. in that location was no thought, just us, and the fierce urgency bringing us together. I was all burning need and desire and awareness andOh, shit.It came out as kind of a mumble since wed been kissing, our lips eagerly seeking out the others. With guardian reflexes, I barely managed to shift away, just as our hips started to come together. Losing the feel of him was shocking to me, more so for him. He was stunned, simply staring in astonishment as I wriggled further from him and finally managed a sit down position on the bed.What whats wrong? Did you change your mind?We need protection first, I said. Do you have any condoms?He processed this for a few sec onds and then sighed. Rose, only you would pick this instant to remember that.That was a fair point. My timing kind of sucked. Still, it was better than remembering it afterward. In spite of my bodys rampant desireand it was still there, believe meI suddenly had a startling, vivid image of Dimitris sister Karolina. Id met her in Siberia, and shed had a despoil that was about six months old. The baby was adorable, as babies often are, but by God, she had been so much work. Karolina had a waitressing job, and as soon as she was home from that, her attention went to the baby. When she was at work, Dimitris mother took care of the baby. And the baby always necessary something food, changing, rescue from choking on a small object. His sister Sonya had been on the verge of having a baby too, and with the way Id left things with his youngest sister, Viktoria, I wouldnt be surprised to find she was pregnant before long. Huge life changes made from small, careless actions.So I was pretty c onfident I didnt want a baby in my life right now, not this young. With Dimitri, it hadnt been a concern, thanks to dhampir infertility. With Adrian? It was an issue, as was the fact that while disease was rare among both our races, I wasnt the first girl Adrian had been with. Or the second. Or the thirdSo do you have any? I asked impatiently. Just because I was in responsible mode, it didnt mean I wanted sex any less.Yes, said Adrian, sitting up as well. Back in my bedroom.We stared at each other. His bedroom was far away, over in the Moroi section of Court.He slid nearer, putting his arm around me and nibbling my earlobe. The odds of anything bad happening are pretty low.I closed my eyes and tipped my head back against him. He wrapped his hands around my hips and stroked my skin. What are you, a doctor? I asked.He laughed softly, his mouth kissing the spot just cornerstone my ear. No. Im just someone willing to take a risk. You cant tell me you dont want this.I opened my eyes and pulled away so that I could look at him directly. He was right. I did want this. Very, very badly. And the part of mewhich was pretty much all of methat burned with lust was attempting to win me over. The odds probably were low, right? Werent there people who tried forever to get pregnant and couldnt? My desire had an okay argument, so it was kind of a surprise when my logic won.I cant take the risk, I said.Now Adrian studied me, and at last, he nodded. Okay. Another time then. Tonight well be responsible.Thats all youre going to say?He frowned. What else would I say? You said no.But you you could have compelled me.Now he was really astonished. Do you want me to compel you?No. Of course not. It just occurred to me that well, that you could have.Adrian cupped my face in his hands. Rose, I cheat at cards and buy liquor for minors. But I would never, ever force you into something you dont want. Certainly not thisHis words were impose off because Id pressed myself against him and star ted kissing him again. Surprise must have kept him from doing anything right away, but soon, he pushed me away with what seemed like great reluctance.Little dhampir, he said dryly, if you want to be responsible, this is not a good way to do it.We dont have to let this go. And we can be responsible.All of those stories areHe came screeching to a halt when I tossed my hair out of the way and offered my neck to him. I managed to turn roughly so that I could meet his eyes, but I said nothing. I didnt have to. The invitation was obvious.Rose he said uncertainlythough I could see the longing spring up in his face.Drinking blood wasnt the same as sex, but it was a yearning all vampires had, and doing it while arousedso Id heardwas a mind-blowing experience. It was also taboo and hardly ever done, so people claimed. It was where the definition of blood whore had originated dhampirs who gave their blood during sex. The idea of dhampirs yielding blood at all was considered disgraceful, but Id done it before with Lissa when she needed food and with Dimitri when hed been Strigoi. And it had been glorious.He tried again, his voice steadier this time. Rose, do you know what youre asking?Yes, I said firmly. I gently ran a finger along his lips and then slipped in to touch his fangs. I threw his own words back at him. You cant tell me you dont want this.He did want it. In a heartbeat, his mouth was at my neck and his fangs were piercing my skin. I cried out at the sudden pain, a sound that softened to a moan as the endorphins that came with every vampire confidence game flooded into me. An exquisite bliss consumed me. He pulled me hard against him as he drank, almost onto his lap, pressing my back against his chest. I was distantly aware of his hands all over me again, of his lips upon my throat. Mostly, all I knew was that I was drowning in pure, ecstatic sweetness. The perfect high.When he pulled away, it was like losing part of myself. Like being incomplete. Confused, n eeding him back, I reached for him. He gently pushed my hand away, smiling as he licked his lips.Careful, little dhampir. I went longer than I should have. You could probably grow fly and fly off right now.It actually didnt sound like a bad idea. In a few more moments, though, the intense, nuts part of the high faded, and I settled back to myself. I still felt wonderful and dizzy the endorphins had fed my bodys desire. My reasoning easily came back to me, allowing (kind of) coherent thought to tick that happy haze. When Adrian was convinced I was sober enough, he relaxed and lay down on the bed. I joined him a moment later, curling up against his side. He seemed as content as I was.That, he mused, was the outstrip not-sex ever.My only response was a sleepy smile. It was late, and the more I crashed down from the endorphin rush, the drowsier I felt. Some tiny part of me said that even though Id wanted this and cared about Adrian, the whole act had been wrong. I hadnt done it for the right reasons, instead letting myself get carried away by my own grief and confusion.The rest of me decided that wasnt true, and the nagging voice soon faded into exhaustion. I fell asleep against Adrian, getting the best night of sleep Id had in a long time.I wasnt entirely surprised that I was able to get out of bed, shower, get dressed, and even dry out my hair without Adrian waking up. My friends and I had spent many a morning trying to drag him out of bed in the past. Hungover or sober, he was a heavy sleeper.I spent more time on my hair than I had in a while. The telltale mark of a vampire bite was fresh on my neck. So I wore my hair down, careful to style it with a part so that the long waves hung heavy on the bite side. snug the bruise would stay camouflaged, I pondered what to do next. In an hour or so, the Council was going to listen to arguments from factions with varying ideas on the new age decree, Moroi competitivenessing, and the Dragomir vote. Provided they le t me in the hall, I had no intention of missing the debates on the hottest issues in our world right now.I didnt want to wake up Adrian, though. He was tangled up in my sheets and slept peacefully. If I woke him up, Id feel obligated to stick around while he got ready. Through the bond, I felt Lissa sitting alone at a cafe table. I wanted to see her and have breakfast, so I decided Adrian could fend for himself. I left him a note about where I was, told him the door would lock on his way out, and drew lots of xs and os.When I was halfway to the cafe, though, I sensed something that ruined my breakfast plan. Christian had sat down with Lissa.Well, well, I muttered. With everything else going on, I hadnt paid much attention to Lissas personal life. After what had happened at the warehouse, I wasnt entirely surprised to see them together, though her feelings told me there had been no romantic reconciliation yet. This was an uneasy attempt at friendship, a chance to get over their const ant jealousy and distrust.Far be it from me to trespass on love at work. I knew another place near the guardians buildings that also had coffee and doughnuts. It would do, provided no one there remembered that I was technically still on probation and had made a scene in a royal hall.The odds on that probably werent good.Still, I decided to give it a try and headed over, eyeing the overcast sky uneasily. Rain wouldnt help my mood any. When I got to the cafe, I discovered I didnt have to worry about anyone paying attention to me. There was a bigger draw Dimitri.He was out with his personal guard, and even though I was glad he had some freedom, the attitude that he needed close watching still angered me. At least there was no giant crowd today. People who came in for breakfast couldnt help but stare, but few lingered. He had five guardians with him this time, which was a significant reduction. That was a good sign. He sat alone at a table, coffee and a half-eaten glazed doughnut in fr ont of him. He was reading a paperback novel that I would have bet my life was a Western.No one sat with him. His escort simply maintained a ring of protection, a couple near the walls, one at the entrance, and two at near tables. The security seemed pointless. Dimitri was completely engrossed in his book, oblivious to the guards and occasional spectatorsor he was simply making a good show of not caring. He seemed very harmless, but Adrians words came back to me. Was there any Strigoi left in him? Some dark part? Dimitri himself claimed he still carried the piece that prevented him from ever truly loving anyone.He and I had always had this uncanny awareness of each other. In a crowded room, I could always find him. And in spite of his preoccupation with the book, he looked up when I walked toward the cafes counter. Our eyes met for a millisecond. There was no expression on his face and yet, I had the feeling he was waiting for something.Me, I realized with a start. Despite everythi ng, despite our fight in the church he still thought I would pursue and make some pledge of my love. why? Did he just expect me to be that unreasonable? Or was it possible was it possible he wanted me to approach him?Well, some(prenominal) the reason, I decided I wouldnt give it to him. Hed hurt me too many times already. Hed told me to stay away, and if that was all part of some elaborate game to rook with my feelings, I wasnt going to play. I gave him a haughty look and turned away sharply as I walked up to the counter. I ordered chai and a chocolate eclair. After a moments consideration, I ordered a second eclair. I had a feeling it was going to be one of those days.My plan had been to eat outside, but as I glanced toward the tinted windows, I could just barely make out the pattern of raindrops hitting the panes. Damn. I briefly considered fighting the weather and going somewhere else with my food, but I decided I wasnt going to let Dimitri scare me off. Spying a table far from him, I headed toward it, going out of my way not to look at or acknowledge him.Hey Rose. Are you going to the Council today?I came to a halt. One of Dimitris guardians had spoken, giving me a cordial smile as he did. I couldnt recall the guys name, but hed seemed nice whenever we passed each other. I didnt want to be rude, and so, reluctantly, I answered backeven though it meant staying near Dimitri.Yup, I said, making sure my attention was only on the guardian. Just grabbing a bite before I do.Are they going to let you in? asked another of the guardians. He too was smiling. For a moment, I thought they were mocking my last outburst. But no that wasnt it. Their faces showed approval.Thats an excellent question, I admitted. I took a bite of my eclair. But I figure I should give it a try. Ill also try to be on good behavior.The first guardian chuckled. I certainly hope not. That group deserves all the grief you can give them over that stupid age law. The other guardians nodded.What age law? asked Dimitri.Reluctantly, I looked over at him. As always, he swept my breath away. Stop it, Rose, I scolded myself. Youre mad at him, remember? And now youve chosen Adrian.The decree where royals think displace sixteen-year-old dhampirs out to fight Strigoi is the same as sending eighteen-year-olds, I said. I took another bite.Dimitris head shot up so quickly, I nearly clotted on my food. Which sixteen-year-olds are fighting Strigoi? His guardians tensed but did nothing else.It took me a moment to get the bite of eclair down. When I could finally speak, I was almost afraid to. Thats the decree. Dhampirs graduate when theyre sixteen now.When did this happen? he demanded.Just the other day. No one told you? I glanced over at the other guardians. One of them shrugged. I had the smell that they might believe Dimitri was truly a dhampir but that they werent ready to get chatty with him. His only other social contact would have been Lissa and his interrogators.No. Dimitris e yebrow furrowed as he pondered the news.I ate my eclair in silence, hoping it would push him to talk more. It did.Thats insane, he said. Morality aside, they arent ready that young. Its suicide.I know. Tasha gave a really good argument against it. I did too.Dimitri gave me a suspicious look at that last part, particularly when a couple of his guardians smiled.Was it a close vote? he asked. He spoke to me interrogation style, in the serious and focused way that had so defined him as a guardian. It was a lot better than depression, I decided. It was also better than him telling me to go away.Very close. If Lissa could have voted, it wouldnt have passed.Ah, he said, playing with the edges of his coffee cup. The quorum.You know about that? I asked in surprise.Its an old Moroi law.So I hear.Whats the opposition trying to do? Sway the Council back or get Lissa the Dragomir vote?Both. And other things.He shook his head, tucking some hair behind his ear. They cant do that. They need to pick one cause and throw their weight behind it. Lissas the smartest choice. The Council needs the Dragomirs back, and Ive seen the way people look at her when they put me on display. Only the slightest edge of bitterness laced his words, indicating how he felt about that. Then it was back to business. It wouldnt be hard to get support for thatif they dont divide their efforts.I started in on my second eclair, forgetting about my earlier resolution to ignore him. I didnt want to distract him from the topic. It was the first thing that had brought the old fire back to his eyes, the only thing he seemed truly interested inwell, aside from pledging lifelong devotion to Lissa and telling me to stay out of his life. I liked this Dimitri.It was the same Dimitri from long ago, the fierce one who was willing to risk his life for what was right. I almost wished hed go back to being annoying, distant Dimitri, the one who told me to stay away. perceive him now brought back too many memoriesnot to mention the attraction I thought Id smashed. Now, with that passion all over him, he seemed sexier than ever. Hed worn that same intensity when wed fought together. Even when wed had sex. This was the way Dimitri was supposed to be powerful and in charge. I was glad and yet seeing him the way I loved only made my heart feel that much worse. He was lost to me.If Dimitri guessed my feelings, he didnt show it. He looked squarely at me, and, like always, the power of that gaze wrapped around me. The next time you see Tasha, will you send her to me? We need to talk about this.So, Tasha can be your friend, but not me? The sharp words were out before I could kick downstairs them. I flushed, embarrassed that Id lapsed in front of the other guardians. Dimitri apparently didnt want an audience either. He looked up at the one who had initially addressed me.Is there any way we could have some privacy?His escort exchanged looks, and then, almost as one being, they stepped back. It wasnt a cons iderable distance, and they still maintained a ring around Dimitri. Nonetheless, it was enough that all of our conversation wouldnt be overheard. Dimitri turned back to me. I sat down.You and Tasha have completely different situations. She can safely be in my life. You cant.And yet, I said with an angry toss of my hair, its apparently okay for me to be in your life when its convenientsay, like, running errands or passing messages.It doesnt really seem like you need me in your life, he noted dryly, inclining his head slightly toward my right shoulder.It took me a moment to grasp what had happened. In tossing my hair, Id exposed my neckand the bite. I tried not to blush again, knowing I had nothing to feel embarrassed about. I pushed the hair back.Thats none of your business, I hissed, hoping the other guardians hadnt seen.Exactly. He sounded triumphant. Because you need to live your own life, far away from me.Oh, for Gods sake, I exclaimed. Will you stop with theMy eyes lifted from h is face because an army suddenly descended upon us.Okay, it wasnt exactly an army, but it might as well have been. One minute it was just Dimitri, me, and his security, and then suddenlythe room was swarming with guardians. And not just any guardians. They wore the black-and-white outfits guardians often did for formal occasions, but a small red button on their collars mark them as guardians specifically attached to the poufs guard. There had to be at least twenty of them.They were lethal and perverting, the best of the best. Throughout history, assassins who had attacked monarchs had found themselves quickly taken down by the royal guard. They were walking deathand they were all gathering around us. Dimitri and I both shot up, unsure what was happening but certain the brat here was directed at us. His table and its chairs were between us, but we still immediately fell into the standard fighting stance when surrounded by enemies Go back-to-back.Dimitris security wore ordinary cl othing and seemed a bit astonished to see their brethren, but with guardian efficiency, the escort promptly joined the advancing queens guard. There were no more smiles or jokes. I wanted to throw myself in front of Dimitri, but in this situation, it was kind of difficult.You need to come with us right now, one of the queens guards said. If you resist, well take you by force.Leave him alone I yelled, looking from face to face. That angry darkness exploded within me. How could they still not believe? Why were they still coming after him? He hasnt done anything Why cant you guys accept that hes really a dhampir now?The man whod spoken arched an eyebrow. I wasnt talking to him.Youre youre here for me? I asked. I tried to think of any new spectacles I might have caused recently. I considered the crazy idea that the queen had found out Id spent the night with Adrian and was pissed off about it. That was hardly enough to send the palace guard for me, though or was it? Had I really gone to o far with my antics?What for? demanded Dimitri. That tall, wonderful body of histhe one that could be so sensual sometimeswas filled with tension and menace now.The man kept his gaze on me, ignoring Dimitri. Dont make me repeat myself Come with us quietly, or we will make you. The glimmer of durance showed in his hands.My eyes went wide. Thats crazy Im not going anywhere until you tell me how the hell thisThat was the point at which they apparently decided I wasnt coming quietly. Two of the royal guardians lunged for me, and even though we technically worked for the same side, my instincts kicked in. I didnt understand anything here except that I would not be dragged away like some kind of master criminal. I shoved the chair Id been sitting in earlier at one of the guardians and aimed a punch at the other. It was a sloppy throw, made worse because he was taller than me. That summit difference allowed me to dodge his next grab, and when I kicked hard at his legs, a small grunt tol d me Id hit home.I heard a few unordered screams. The people working at the cafe ducked behind their counter like they expected automatic weapons to come out. The other patrons whod been eating breakfast hurriedly sprang from their tables, incautiously knocking over food and dishes. They ran for the exitsexits that were blocked by still more guardians. This brought more screams, even though the exits were being cut off because of me.Meanwhile, other guardians were connective the fray. Although I got a couple of good punches in, I knew the numbers were too overwhelming. One guardian caught hold of my arm and began trying to put the cuffs on me. He stopped when another set of hands grabbed me from the other side and jerked me away.Dimitri.Dont touch her, he growled.There was a note in his voice that would have scared me if it had been directed toward me. He shoved me behind him, putting his body protectively in front of mine with my back to the table. Guardians came at us from all directions, and Dimitri began dispatching them with the same deadly grace that had once made people call him a god. He didnt kill any of the ones he fought, but he made sure they were out of action. If anyone thought his ordeals as a Strigoi or being locked up had diminished his fighting ability, they were terribly mistaken. Dimitri was a force of nature, managing to take on both unrealizable odds and stop me each time I tried to join the fight. The queens guards might have been the best of the best, but Dimitri well, my former lover and instructor was in a category all his own. His fighting skills were beyond anyone elses, and he was using them all in defense of me.Stay back, he ordered me. They arent laying a hand on you.At first, I was overwhelmed by his protectivenesseven though I hated not being part of a fight. Watching him fight again was also entrancing. He made it look beautiful and lethal at the same time. He was a one-man army, the kind of warrior that protected his love d ones and brought terror to his enemiesAnd thats when a horrible revelation hit me.Stop I suddenly yelled. Ill come Ill come with youNo one heard me at first. They were too involved with the fight. Guardians kept trying to sneak behind Dimitri, but he seemed to sense them and would shove chairs or anything else he could get a hold of at themwhile still managing to kick and punch those coming at us head-on. Who knew? Maybe he really could have taken on an army by himself.But I couldnt let him.I shook Dimitris arm. Stop, I repeated. Dont fight anymore.RoseStopI was pretty sure Id never screamed any word so loudly in my life. It rang through the room. For all I knew, it rang through the entire Court.It didnt exactly make everyone come to a halt, but many of the guardians slowed down. A few of the cowering cafe workers peered over the counter at us. Dimitri was still in motion, still ready to take everyone on, and I had to practically throw myself at him to get him to notice me.Stop. T his time, my voice was a whisper. An uneasy silence had fallen over everyone. Dont fight them anymore. Im going to go with them.No. I wont let them take you.You have to, I begged.He was breathing hard, every part of him braced and ready to attack. We locked gazes, and a thousand messages seemed to flow between us as the old electricity crackled in the air. I just hoped he got the right message.One of the guardians tentatively stepped forwardhaving to go around the unconscious body of his colleagueand Dimitris tension snapped. He started to block the guardian and defend me again, but I instead put myself between them, clasping Dimitris hand and still looking into his eyes. His skin was warm and felt so, so right touching mine.Please. No more.I saw then that he finally understood what I was trying to say. People were still afraid of him. No one knew what he was. Lissa had said him behaving calmly and normally would soothe fears. But this? Him taking on an army of guardians? That was not going to get him points for good behavior. For all I knew, it was already too late after this, but I had to attempt damage control. I couldnt let them lock him up againnot because of me.As he looked at me, he seemed to send a message of his own that he would still fight for me, that he would fight until he collapsed to keep them from taking me.I shook my head and gave his hand a parting squeeze. His fingers were exactly as I remembered, long and graceful, with calluses built up from years of training. I let go and turned to face the guy who had originally spoken. I assumed he was some sort of leader.I held out my hands and slowly stepped forward. Ill go quietly. But, please dont lock him back up. He just thought he just thought I was in trouble.The thing was, as the handcuffs were clamped onto my wrists, I was starting to think I was in trouble too. As the guardians helped each other up, their leader took a deep breath and made the annunciation hed been trying to make since ente ring. I swallowed, waiting to hear Victors name.Rose Hathaway, you are under arrest for high treason.Not quite what Id expected. Hoping my submission had earned me points, I asked, What kind of high treason?The murder of Her Royal Majesty, Queen Tatiana.

Counseling and Ethical Standards

Core Assessment Jessica Ferguson PS 206 Introduction to Guidance and Counseling Abstract This core sagaciousness will be my understanding of the concepts that I affirm l recognizeed in this course. I will define and give examples near the different therapy proficiencys that I break learned about. I will show that I cigarette adequately explain that I am knowledgeable in my understanding of confidentiality and ethics in counseling. 1. (a) Empathic understanding is when a healer correctly understands the lymph nodes thoughts, feelings and meanings from the clients guide on of view.When the healer is able to look at the clients point of view it tells the client that his/or her point has value and the client feels studyed. Example Client I dont know why my husband deprivations to flummox to therapy now we have never been able to communicate. It doesnt bother me anyto a greater extent. Ive accepted it, I wish he could. Therapist Coning to therapy now doesnt string much sense to you. Maybe you used to have feeling about your lack of communication with your husband, but it sound like you feel pretty asleep(p) about the whole situation now. b) Unconditional positive regard is when a client is able to talk about their thoughts and feelings without having to do anything in divergeicular to earn the therapists understanding. This is d unitary when the therapist accepts the client uncondition exclusivelyy and does not pass judgment. (c)Transference is when a client projects feelings or attitudes from the past onto the therapist.Example When a pistillate client begins to treat her female therapist with disdain and begins to close off from therapy because the female therapist reminds her of her mother that was overbearing and mean to her. d) Anxiety is a feeling that deal experience in many different expressions. Some people whitethorn feel nervous, anxious, and fearful. Most of the cartridge clip anxiety is normal and a good part of our ability to take u p with the world. However, anxiety can become a problem for some people if it becomes excessive and begins to interfere with our daily lives. Example Normal anxiety would be if someone had a big project due at work and the good anxiety whitethorn push us to prepare more in the lead you drink your project. An xample of excessive anxiety is when a woman has to fly on an airplane and she begins to ascertain extremely nervous and sick to her stomach and she begins to feel dizzy. She does not get on the plane because she had experienced excessive anxiety. (e) Projection is when a client blames other people for their actions. Example Sandy is holding an expensive glass vase and Joe is essay to get his jacket on, in the meantime, Sandy drops the vase and screams at Joe, See what you made me do I dropped the vase because you were taking too long to put on your coat.Sandy fiendish Joe for dropping the vase. (f) Irrational beliefs. As we develop we form beliefs about ourselves, others a nd the world. Most of the time our beliefs are truthful, healthy, and rational. However, with events and unfortunate circumstances we begin to develop false, unhealthy, and unreasoning beliefs about ourselves, others and the world. Example A client that thinks that she has to be perfect in e truly way to please e preciseone and if she is not perfect in e rattling way then no one will love her. 2. (a). Behavior therapy and someone-centered therapyBehavior therapy conceptualises that our behaviors are learned and that we are products of our environment. The client and therapist both take a very active post in information more desired behaviors. Person- centered therapy believes that the client is their own stovepipe authority and they are capable of fulfilling their won latent for growth with minimal direction from the therapist. The behavior therapist will set goals, treatment plans and expected outcomes up front and does not believe that the therapist has to be overly warm w ith the client.A person-centered therapist will al let out the client to decide what their own goals and treatment plan will be and also believes that it is an serious part of therapy to have the therapist is as open and warm as possible. Person centered therapy places more emphasis on the clients expressing and experiencing their feelings. Behavior therapy believes that people have to learn new behaviors. (b). Family and Psychoanalytic therapy Family therapy focuses on the fact that we are part of a family and that we each(prenominal) play a role in each other lives.Change happens with in human relationships in the family not just one person. Family therapy is usually brief. The psychoanalytic approach focuses only on one person and change occurs inside their own personality. Psychoanalytic approach can take several years to complete. The family therapist has to be able to listen and not pass judgment on any of the family members the therapist must be open, honest and warm with everyone in the group. The psychoanalytic therapist does not believe that you should share any personal experiences or their reaction with their clients.They believe that they should listen and analyze. 3. Part 1 (a). It is highly unethical to pursue a romantic relationship with a client during therapy. It is the therapists ethical certificate of indebtedness to table service the client with his or her problems not to add to them. Corey (2009), states that becoming emotionally or sexually involved with a current client is unethical, unprofessional, and illegal. As to a former client, a romantic relationship is unethical because the therapist already knows very personally and intimate details of the clients life and the therapist could use that to their advantage.Part 2 (a). Confidentiality in counseling is very important in gaining trust from the client. The client needs to know that what they are discussing in therapy does not leave the room. But the client needs to know that con fidentially does not mean keeping secrets. The client should know that confidentially may be broken if they client is going to harm themselves or someone else. The therapist needs to be discussing the fact that confidentially has boundaries and the client has to understand what those boundaries are before counseling begins.The counselor should provide written information on important aspects of therapy at the beginning of counseling, such as what the boundaries of confidentiality are, payments, complaints, ect Part 2 (b) vocation to warn would be necessary if I had a client that was 14 years old and she disclosed to me that her step-father had been touching her sexually. I would have a duty to warn the proper authorities because she is a minor. The ethical issue involved would be that I would have to break confidentiality of my patient by disclosing to outside persons what we iscussed. Another example of duty to warn would be if I had a client that told me that he hated his co-work ers and that he was going to shoot them. I would have to break confidentiality by contacting the authorities and letting them know that this person was a serious threat to others. Part 2 (c) Ethical standards are important in counseling because there has to be a professional standard for appropriate behavior, professional expectations and preventing harm to clients.When you are a profession where the therapist and clients relationship is built on trust, the therapist should engage in conduct that is safe and non-threatening to the client, so that the client can get the emotional and psychological healing that they deserve. 4. I could apply REBT therapy to my life because this therapy is very direct and challenges you to do something rather than just sitting and talking about problems. I have a problem reflection no to people. I feel that I should help everyone when I am asked and if I just have to say no I feel very shameful and guilt ridden.I think that REBTs method of disputing m y irrational beliefs would help me. It could help me learn to ask myself, Why must I say yes all of the time? and what is the worst thing that could happen if I say no?. I also think that REBTs method of doing homework would help me too. It could help me to put myself in situations where I would have to say no. And REBTs shame attacking illustration would also help me. I feel very shameful when I have to say no to someone. This method would have me to do things that I would feel shameful dong and by doing those things the feelings of shame would last disappear or not be such a big deal anymore.I would also benefit from Gestalt therapy. I think that this therapy could benefit me by part me to ask for help and to give me more sensory faculty of myself. I have a huge problem asking anyone for help. I think that the empty tame technique would assist me to be able to tell my mother that I needed help when I was younger but I did not want to ask her for it because I did not want to b other her because she was always so busy. I would also use the rehearsal technique. The rehearsal technique would help me by giving me practice saying out loud that I need help. 5. a) Low self-esteem I think that behavioral cognitive therapy would be the best method for low self-esteem. CBT helps a person to diminish negative beliefs about themselves it helps the person to establish and strengthen more positive beliefs, and encourages the person to learn how to accept themselves for who they are. Some of the techniques used in CBT that would be helpful for a person with low self-esteem. One technique would be trying to direct the client to more positive strengths and qualities, the client would have to write down everyday what their positive qualities are.Another technique would be to have the client to look at the past and endow to find out what or who is helping the client to support negative beliefs about themselves. Another technique would to be to have the client to re-evalua te their dysfunctional assumptions about themselves and begin to formulate new more realistic alternatives. I think that the psychoanalytic approach may not work the best for someone with low self-esteem because it focuses mainly on the persons past and does not really focus on present situations.A person with low self-esteem may need a therapist that is accepting and warm, the psychoanalytic therapist does not believe that the client should be treated with very much warmth. And this approach can be a very long process. (b). Phobias Behavior therapy would be the best approach for a person with a phobia. Behavior therapy focuses on, observable behaviors, current determinates of behavior, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual treatment and change the problem (Corey, 2009).Some of the methods that the behavior therapist would use with a client with a phobia would be exposure therapies. Exposure therapies are for helping client to treat their phobias and the bad responses to those phobias. The therapist would try In vivo exposure with the client, by exposing the client to their actual phobia. The therapist could also use flooding. The therapist could have the client to imagine the phobia or have the client to experience the phobia for an extended period of time allowing for the fear to diminish on its own.I think that the least effective therapy for a person with a phobia would be person-centered therapy. Person centered therapy focuses on the person, not their phobia. A person with a phobia wants to get rid of it, not just talk about it. (c) Marital problems would best be worked on through family systems therapy. Family systems therapy believes that we can be understood when we can be observed with our families. Its focus is on each person, but it also focuses on how each person interacts with one another. I would use structural- strategic family therapy.This method helps to reduce problems and set boundaries and helps to define power and control. I think that psychoanalytic therapy may not work healthy with marital problems because this therapy is based too much on a persons past and early development. The couple may want to focus on the present and get their problems solved quickly. 6. Three counseling and guidance models. Gestalt therapy emphasizes awareness and personal responsibility and it adopts a holistic approach giving equal awareness to mind and body. It also believes that the client should not focus in the past or the future but on the present.Gestalt therapy believes that we have unfinished barter. Unfinished business is what happens when you have feelings that are left unresolved. Those unresolved feelings show up later in present day life causing emotional upheaval. Gestalt therapy does not believe that there a specific methods to therapy that should be followed. The gestalt therapist may use experiments in the course to therapy. One of the exercises is the rehearsal exerci se. This allows the client to rehearse what their feelings are. Another exercise would be the internal dialogue exercise.This exercise allows the client to express out load what they have been telling only themselves. Adlerian therapy believes that people posses an innate tendency toward completions or wholeness and that people strive for superiority to compensate for feelings of inferiority. It also believes that people have the ability to freely shape their own behavior and personality. It believes that humans have their own unique style of life that include a persons goals, self-concepts, feelings for others and attitude toward the world.Adlerian therapy has several techniques that it employs during therapy. One technique is the life style assessment, which allows the therapist to identify what needs to be worked on during therapy and to identify successes and mistakes in the clients life. The adlerian therapist also uses encouragement as a powerful technique in therapy. Encourag ement is used to build a relationship and to help facilitate client change. A therapist may also use role playing, this gives the client an opportunity to add missing experience into their lives and to explore and practice new behaviors.The psychoanalytic approach believes that all behavior and mental processes reflect everlasting and often unconscious struggles within people. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression. The psychoanalytic therapist may use techniques such as free association where the client says anything that comes to mind. And dream analysis to find links in the clients thoughts and behaviors and then hear the dreams in terms of the clients problems.References Corey,G. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. (8th. Edition). Belmont,CA.