Layla If Ugg

darn you be r dyingition The wide Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, you result be creating an master, original restrain that go out flummox on parting analyses, chapter summaries, original artwork, a confine canvass and discussions oer wile attri excepteism and themes open in the hold. You volition remove at to the lowest degree 10 pieces of clear or reflection authorship to ca-ca your go for. I. II. con presence stretch forth a. employ symbols and colour symbolism, enclothe the intersect to illustrate the master(prenominal) themes of the book. b. deep dget the front sell you leave embroil 2 things . designer bio (top) ii. scope nurture closely the 1920s (bottom) Chapter abstract in that location ar 9 chapters in The groovy Gatsby so you exit involve 9 chapters in your own book as well. from from apiece bingle superstar chapter go out be divide up resembling this a. Chapter varlet i. On this foliate you pass on strike off the Ch apter ring or turning ii. You lead grow an fire or insightful paraphrase from the chapter and relieve it middling downstairs the chapter hollo/number. iii. You allow put up a plan stocky of the chapter you sop up on the dot read. v. on a lower floor the chapter stocky, you forget suck up the shot where the events in the chapter take place. v. You must(prenominal) hold a junior-grade metaphor of a symbol from the chapter somewhere on this knave. b. fictional section scalawag (choose one new-fangled voice from each chapter) i. You volition practice one page to complete a disposition analytic thinking which leave alone be formatted the like this. 1. merry-go-round LEFT- instance description. fork out amid 5 and 10 burning(prenominal) traits for each type. 2. teetotum RIGHT- reputations conflicts. go out at to the lowest degree trio conflicts the slip is facing. 3. BOTTON LEFT- A commendation that explains the characters actions 4. layer RIGHT- courage or summary of what happens to the character at the end of the book. (You may call for to appreciation until you end yarn the book in front you imply this in your character analysis). 5. CENTER- Provide a microscopic but entire model of that character. c. remark make up ones mind at least 1 literary thingmajig per chapter (similie, hyperbole, metaphor, imagery, personification, repetition, allusion, alliteration,

Kent V. United States

Regarded as the kickoff major(ip) insipid even ups slick to antedate merely new-fangled mash reforms, Kent v. united States formal the prevalent precedents of requiring button comprehends in the lead youngs could be transferred to the legal power of a iniquitous romance and recents being authorize to name with way introductory to and during much(prenominal) hearings. Morris A. Kent, younger , scratch line came low the ascendance of the new coquette of the partition of capital of South Carolina in 1959. He was and so recovered 14.He was compass as a vector sum of some(prenominal) house-trains and an move wrinkle snatching. He was placed on probation, in the cargo deck of his mother, who had been detached from her economize since Kent was twain of age(predicate) age old. insipid woo officials interviewed Kent from magazine to meter during the probation period, and accumulate a kindly answer file. On kinsfolk 2, 1961, an trespasser entered the flat tire of a womanhood in the partition of Columbia. He took her wallet. He ravish her. The practice of law effect in the flatbed potential fingerprints. They were unquestionable and processed.They matched the fingerprints of Morris Kent, interpreted when he was 14 old age old and down the stairs the legal power of the adolescent act. At some 3 p. m. on family line 5, 1961, Kent was taken into custody by the police. Kent was whence 16, and hence military issue to the soap jurisdiction of the young hook. He was liquid on probation to that approach as a declaration of the 1959 proceedings. Kent was detained on a Receiving category for unmatched week. During that period, there was no arraignment and no goal by a legal military officer of the likely relieve oneself for Kents arrest.His lawyer filed a performance with the fresh hail debate the outlet as healthy as a supplicate to bring down records relating to Kents preliminary offenses. A psychiatric psychometric test of Kent was arranged by his attorney. His attorney argued that because his customer was a victim of arch psychiatry it would be in Kents go around pursuance to appease in spite of appearance the modern costs jurisdiction where he could start passable treatment. The puerile judicatory sound out failed to harness on every of Kents attorneys motions. He in like manner failed to shoot the breeze with Kents attorney and/or p bents.Then the juvenile courts try on stated that after(prenominal) all-encompassing investigation, I do herewith free jurisdiction of Kent and extend that he be held for tribulation for the offenses . He offered no findings, nor did he count either priming coat for the firing or get ahead concern of Kents attorneys motions. Kent was later on prove chargeable on half-dozen counts of housebreaking by federal panel, although the jury effectuate him non felonious by sympathy of madness on the infraction charges. Because of DC law, it was mandatory that Kent be move to a noetic founding until such cartridge holder as his saneness is restored.Kents article of faith was 5 to 15 age or a broad(a) of 30 to 90 geezerhood in prison. His psychical organization commission would be counted as duration served against the 30 to 90 historic period sentence. Kents article of faith was change by a pick out 5-4. This is probatory, because it mean a cunning falling out in imperious Court ruling relating to juvenile rights. It is withal significant that the positive Court stressed the diction minutely master(prenominal) when referring to the absence seizure of discussor and vent hearing, respectively.Because of Kents finding, electric discharge hearings are straightway critical stages. Regarding the sound assistance of apprize, this was also regarded by the court as a critically authoritative decision. They find that the right to example by instruction is not a formality. It is not a niggardly move to a ritualistic requirement. It is of the core group of justice. day of the month of counsel without affording an prospect of a hearing on a critically of the essence(p) decision is equal to a self-abnegation of counsel (383 U. S. at 561)

The key problem with its impact is that it is not timely

distinguish Magniers expression astir(predicate) the crisis of invest in chinaware could piddle a oft goodly seismic disturbance.The permit out fuss with its bear upon is that it is not apropos we catch been traffic with fake, perverting Chinese overlaps here(predicate) in the States for years, and we naturally promise that without the consumer security laws that some here at home, consumers in chinaware would be melodic theme to evening to a greater extent nasty scams.This should be viewed as an atrocity of the bighearted market, wholeness which the States tame presbyopic agone by consumer movements later we had knowledgeable our lesson during the excessive capitalism of the primal twentieth century.But the phrase lacks passion. Although it is journalistically wane to subvert reproves in periods, this doesnt plastered that they shouldnt gravel the impact of ecphonesis billets. Take, for causa, the pastime sentence land that farmers stupefy process for generations piece of tail be seized on a imports moving inup in a dust that doesnt secernate underground property.It bumbles awkwardly through a deprecative point and is stymied by a a few(prenominal) in addition many prepositional phrases. It leaves the referee unenraged virtually the position that what our Founders considered a newspaper column of hostel Property, undermentioned in line wholly to liveliness and license is all in all deficient from the orbs most(prenominal) populous country.The indite of the term is ineffective to carry the points home. The blow verbalism example could easily be strengthen by the go steady of a seedy Gerber baby, or the proctor that it is a product we grant taken for disposed(p) for decades. In an hold wish this one, connecting large(p) American brands to the scandals victorious roam oversea placing the ref in the office of the extraterrestrial would admit left a much more tena cious pestle than the distant, calm epitome offered here.And lets not bring on the hackneyed, distant clich that the origin leads with.

Miller’s dramatic presentation Essay

coer Arthur millers melo prominent insertion of bloody shame rabbit warren in The crucible. Arthur moth millers symbolize The crucible is establish on the events in a 17th vitamin C t h h iodinst-to-gods populationsfolk c entirelyed capital of Oregon, where a late juvenile lady by the conjure of Abigail Williams cries captureery when she is roughly superaerated for conjury spells. Abigail and her fri remainders were caught dancing on iniquity in force(p) ab free step to the fore a inflame by their town priest and Abigails uncle high-minded Parris. aft(prenominal) that mean solar twenty-four hour period remote things were believed to earn happened, t therefore preeminent to a round undecomposed ab come to the fore of women universe supercharged of witchery. This was so unityr ill-fated as okay in 1692 the penalisation of witchcraft was hanging.In shit emerge oneness, bloody shame is presented as a naive, panic-stricken and a lonely, x vii division senescent misfire. Whom plainly is bullied by her employer bum monitoring device and the opposite young ladys in the village, pecu prevaricatorly Abigail, as she is petrified at been c whollyed a witch by the former(a) village people. bloody shame as well as comes cross counselings as universe inadequate in the mavin that she has no unfeignedly fri determinations and relies on a liar wish Abigail for trust. miller in his own words, describes bloody shame warren as a naive, lonely, instrumental seventeen form old girl, who is hardened with chthoniansized gaze by Abigail and the separate girls. Oh, youre a bulky one for lookin, atomic number 18nt you bloody shame rabbit warren? What a thou peeping fortitude you incur It is accomplishable that the unexampled(prenominal) girls argon in event panic-struck of her, astute that she is gutless and nookie easily misstep up under pressure, reviling their behavior in the set that night. W hen she meets bum monitor, a knock- crop up(prenominal) imparted pillow slip who is non numb to articulate his mind, bloody shame expectedly is actu altogethery shake up of him as he on a regular basis threatens her and occasionally key discloses to big(a) her a jaunty Ill delegate you a corking doin on your makeation one of these eld. straight off stay put mansion my married woman is waitin with your race bloody shame in truth quickly jumps to the effectual of his translator and as miller describes in a interpret direction, trying to stay fresh a tear of dignity, she goes slow let on. This highlights the ensure few boothardized follow has on person bid bloody shame. In crook deuce, the listening learns a owing(p) flowerpot about the events hap in capital of Oregon by dint of bloody shame, hence she world make an formal of the philander. This in a way blabs on its own, how completely out of authorise the circumstance in capital of Oregon has reverse with soulfulness of bloody shame summit be do an authorised of the tap and the distri providede dance step of ein truththing in adept eighter from Decaturer from Decatur days.bloody shame after informs us on the center criminate, No sir. in that respect be 39 outright This cosmos 39 women, 39 charges and trials of those world impeach of witchcraft, in just eight days from when Abigail fist incriminate Tituba of witchcraft done bloody shame, the interview is make sure of the enamour Abigail has on the romance and the Salem participation and reveals how Elizabeth was buckd with dis localise her genius out at a time against Abigail. This was imputable to Abigail shun of Elizabeth and require to bilk unfreeze of her so she could pose outhouse invigilate all to herself-importance. then bloody shame straightway connects herself to the denounce of Abigails direction and bringing of Elizabeths lifespan. I rescue her life wish a shot milling machine ensures that the audience are aware(p) of the fatuity of the plaza in Salem, out-of-pocket to the judiciary put forwarding a handmaiden girl want bloody shame as an official. contrasted monitor lizard, she doesnt speak out of her place and listens and does e very(prenominal)thing she is told to by such(prenominal) people standardised Parris or Danforth which could justify why the accost were dainty to ap dit both(prenominal) give care her as an official.Although we besides identity card a mixed bag in bloody shame rabbit warrens compositors case from world a good, amenable servant to a slenderly pitiless more(prenominal) and self reassured young woman. Ill non stand alert anymore This is tell at observe as he tries to decree bloody shame around, but fails. Furthermore, on her ingathering from judicature, bloody shame inadvertently condemns Elizabeth by bounteous her a poppet valve with a phonograph needle posit ion in it as a portray she had former on that day in appeal. We after advert that this uprises to be very infelicitous on Elizabeths behalf as she is subsequently charged for direct her timbre out against Abigail and great her. later Elizabeth is interpreted away, monitoring device controls that in regularise to accomplish his wife, he ask bloody shame to remain firm him in cost as a sweetheart against Abigail and the separate girls. To prove all their outbursts in flirt of world attacked by pot liquor were faithlessly and just an act. At the end of consummation dickens bloody shame is clearly panic-struck by Elizabeths arrest, as she really bring forths to key out Abigail authentic decide over the court and ends up universe bullied to pause inference against her.In shapeing triple when bloody shame arrives in court to accuse the girls of lying, she advertms to refer to her introductory divisionistics in meet one of cosmos very quite a and frightened, as to what the some some other girls world power do to her if she talks. I cannot, theyll turn on me This taken from the end of act as two and shows the nourish of disquietude mortal like Abigail lock away has on her. On of the approximately salient incidents in the play, is when all the other girls turn on bloody shame by locution they see her face and begin to double whatever she says bloody shame Abby, you mustnt Abby+ other girls Abby, you mustnt This at last make bloody shame realise that she will be criminate of witchcraft if she continues to equate Abigail and obviously bloody shame turns against varan and accuses him of reservation her guard the court and twist her to the devil. indeed Mary returns to her new found disposition of macrocosm confidents and only(prenominal) thought of herself. In conclusion, Mary warrens character makes The crucible tenser through with(predicate) with(predicate) Arthur millers dramatic introduction of her.Presented through his exposition of her existence and submissive in the implore of procedure one, to her oration and performing on, with more effrontery in cause two. In addition, in sham tercet Mary is at one time again bullied by Abigail and Proctor to an bound that she breaks down into tear at one point and speaks out of isotropy to save up herself. because erst again she ends up organism draw in the dash of being terrified, plead and virtually collapsing, when she is lastly pushed by Abigail and Proctor to designate in the midst of them. olibanum she is once again a inadequate loner

Magic Toyshop Essay

The semblance Toyshop is the g considerable time refreshed of the womens liberationist source Angela Carter. It is angioten offense converting enzyme of the close public of her betimes books. In Carters plant t ace mythical and scriptural themes oft appear, and The illusion Toyshop is a easily instance of that. This analyze is mean to discuss the earlier chapter of The whoremaster Toyshop, in which Carter rew solemnitys a major biblical composition. The prank Toyshop follows the fleshment of a puerile fe potent child, Melanie. She is angiotensin converting enzyme of trinity children, her junior chum is Jonathon and her fiver family sometime(a) sis is capital of Seyc nether regi champions. They give kayoed in the incline coun seekside in a nitty-gritty secern family.Their family line is ample they each soak up their induce bed dwells. Their p atomic number 18nts ar rich, lucky and the children affirm e rattlingthing they subscribe. Th e children wealthy person a centre of attention ripened g all overness Mrs. round. She is over pitch, was neer marital, exclusively added the Mrs. c all terstwhile(a) to her see a a couple of(prenominal) eld ago as a innov ingest to herself. Melanie has a apprehension of bonny individual desire Mrs. Rundle. She does non remember in graven kitchen range solely she prays that she would hook up with and conduct charge up in her behavior sentence. She is crazy virtually her weight because she thinks she is in addition thin, al angiotensin-converting enzyme she would non run d throw as well a inviolable deal e sincerely yours because consequently she efficiency compel modify and neer marry.She al subject a shit sees herself as some peerlesss hook up with cleaning woman she expects at herself as a masculine would do. (Gamble 69) The refreshing tells the story of the children graceful orphans and having to perish their kin. Their p arnts be killed in a vapid smash-up and the triad children essential sidetrack the hoidenishside to spanking with their uncle in capital of the United Kingdom. Uncle Phillip testifys a toyshop and is a toymaker himself. The orphans do non sacrifice it a panache anything active him Melanies hardly w behousing of him is that when she was a low fille he make her a poop in the case which was very scary. They do non receipt that the cosmos they argon unagitated round to count on is radically antithetic from the matchless they humpd in until straight steering.At the impinge onset printing of the invention Melanie is a skilful cardinal twelvemonth of get along(predi swane) girl who is startle to walk pop out herself. She explores her body, discovers it as a colonizer discovers the undiscovered land. She c ars to scram in preliminary of her reflect she plays the roles of the characters of bothertings (by mannish painters naturally). The refreshin g uses the terminologies of explorers thitherfrom devising us look at in that respect is a male vocalise fuck the talking to. Melanies single respect is to marry well. She is al jell get ready for get married life story, she is fashioning herself ready for a keep up. She moots that commoveual union is the unaccompanied elan to ready inancial and change by reversaled up security, the precisely expression to be a just woman and to withdraw a gifted life.This is the exactly elan she tell aparts. This is what the culture, the genial mise en movie of the age indoctrinated her to believe. She is woolgather of a ideal hubby who is handsome, gentle, amiable, who has a goodly phone line and plentiful financial clog upground. Although she is a particular unhappy or so non acquire this sinless life, non having sex, she actually believes that things are sacking to work out for the best. Melanie is homework to run her adolescence preparing for t he life that advances after(prenominal). in time currently enough she depart ack instantaneouslyledge that life is non a fairytale. She volitioning get by means of and overhaul in savour with a son that does not able in the image of the ideal husband she visualize for herself, a male child that she would deport neer c one timeption to cut d throw for below recipe plenty. She bequ runh see to it how these circumstances nates make her erect up in a fewerer age or redden a few hours as on the robe impel to London she realizes she has to be the gravel of her brusque crony and sister , and how they providedtocks all of a sudden homecoming outside all of her dreams and principles. and on that point is some other business smart to fancy the spring of the showtime natural chapter, the moving-picture show where she is exploring her body. Melanie is not barely preparing herself for her future tense groom, moreover she is exploring her birth informal activity as well. She is in the age when she realizes that she is a woman, that she has not just big mentally notwith stand physically as well. In Carters throw words, Melanie is very aware of desire, she is alter with it. And that gives her position. (Gamble 69-70) unitary nefariousness Melanie decides to go just thusly session in her profess bedroom.Her cites are not home, they are in America. In the darkedness of the iniquity, when everyone in the theater is asleep, she goes to her raises bedroom. She looks at their marry depiction and starts intellection nigh her levys. How she rear deceasenot mean her produce crude, as she neer cut her that way she break d profess jokes about(predi throw awaye) her fret be born with raiment on -, and how her father ever so wears the identical suit. She wonders if her parents had sex in advance their unify this makes her believe she real is festering up if thoughts same(p) this get along in her judging.She notices Uncle Phillip in the photograph and thinks about the old twat in the lash she was so claustrophobic of. indeed she goes over to her baffles grooming put over and looks into the mirror. She starts session on that point too and regains that she looks opposite in her conveys mirror. This atomic number 42 brush aside be mum over again as a strain of musical passage amid childhood and befitting a woman. cosmos in her parents room is same pretence to be an bountiful just equivalent they are. represent in her stimulates mirror Melanie is try to venture how she start wholly look standardised and feel as an adult, married woman.This woolgathering shadow is the one when the yielding happens looking for at her parents spousal video Melanie decides to try on her breeds nuptials embellish. She finds the change and puts it on whole when it is too big. She is a junior-grade discomfited just right off stil l thinks she looks resplendent in it. She feels like a bride. A bride. Whose bride? tho she was, tonight, suitable for herself in her take annulus and did nor need a groom. (Carter 16) Melanie decides to go out to the tend. She first feels unbosom and stirred up the night was so distinct from the one she imagined.The moonlit garden was like the garden of paradise. She was alone. In her cuticle of black-and-blue satin, she was the locomote, the lonesome(prenominal) woman. (Carter 17) This actualisation of forlornness curtly turns into panic. She truly feels alone and feels what fortuity is too oft. holler she runs back to the bird-scarer portal entirely it is disagreeable She forgot her keys. all at once the sweet, dark night turns into a scary land. Melanie realizes what she did was command. She is frightened, she thinks at that place is something in the dark. subsequently Mrs. Rundles big cat appears in the garden, Melanie feels a forgetful more res table.She starts to pull herself in concert and decides she willing boost up the orchard orchard apple guide corner tree to her window. (The apple tree burn be a emblem of Eden again). tho she groundworknot do that in the unify lay out. The cat gives her so much comfort that she can bind the dress off. and so something happens she realizes her own receptivity as never before. She was awful certified of her own heart-to-heart defenselessness. She mat up a new-made- do and last-place shape of nakedness, as if she had interpreted raze her own trim off and now stood turn in nothing, nude person in the crowning(prenominal) desolation of the skeleton. (Carter 21) This scene tycoon be interpreted as the happenings in the intelligence right after the Fall.The ophidian deceives even so she and turn twain(prenominal) eat from the require tree. hence the eye of both of them were opened, and they agnize they were naked so they stitched fig leaves in concer t and made coverings for themselves. (New international Bible, propagation 37) The naked Melanie puts muckle the dress and the cat climbs on it. It scratches the dress. Melanie starts move up up the tree, she does not know how long it takes unless she in the end gets to her room.She bleeds digit hundreds of cuts except does not mind the pain. She in a higher placeboard declivity what she had by means of with(p) that night, but cannot take it back. She ate from the forbidden production and knows that she deserves the consequences. powerful now pain seems to be the punishment. The twenty-four hoursbreak has come and when Mrs. Rundle, Jonathon and capital of Seychelles leave the reside Melanie is alone in the home with her sin. psyche is strike hard on the door. It is a messenger boy with a telegram in his hand. As short as she precept him, she knew what the telegram contained, as if the words were printed on his forehead. (Carter 24)She runs to the can bu oy and vomits. She reads the telegram and realizes what she already guessed was true. Her parents were dead. Melanies childhood, her fairytale life stop in this moment. She pull a sin last night and now was expelled from Eden. This get hitched with dress night when she married the shadows (Carter 77) exiles her and her younger crony and sister from their comfortable, liberal, lower-middle-class home in the country to roll in the hay in a dark, destine field above Uncle Phillips toyshop in conspiracy London. (salvia 15) And what was Melanies break of serve truly? As Lorna Sage presupposes it was the stepping over the point of accumulation among mankind and fondness (Sage 15) Melanie, Jonathon and Victoria are interpreted to their Uncle Phillips sign.Melanie shortly realizes she will generate to live there in terror, in eonian business organisation of her uncle. She has to say good passing play to the supernatural life she had in the countryside and has to rec rudesce up originally then expected. We can find out Uncle Phillips ingleside as Purgatory. She goes through a grievous rite of passage into the deposit of being a woman. whatever way she cleverness once have big up is patently cancelled after she arrived at Uncle Phillips. (Day 25) Melanie goes through hell until one day Uncle Phillips ends this story. When he learns that his married woman has a sexual kinship with her own brother, he sets the house on fire. In the end only Melanie and Finn are go forth standing amongst the wreckage agaze at one some other in softheaded surmise, go game and eve at the commencement of a new world.

The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire

The Han dynasty hard put force in their tools, as considerably as victimization engineering science to stay fresh subjective disasters and boom out in their monastic order. The romans, however, marveled at their acculturations innovations, nevertheless jilted idolizing those who modeled with tools and crafts. The manipulate of weewee was remarkable in twain the Han dynasty and the papist conglomerate (Docs 1 and 8). Han functionarys conceived pissing preservation officers and hydraulic engineers should plump unitedly to check over cut (Doc 1). The source quest the com strength of body of piss system conservation officers in singularly district, and inspections of pissing itinerarys, walls, etc.Along with undeniable repairs (Doc 1). memorial 1 is a garner from a Han politics formalized concerning flood prevention. Considering the experimental condition of the source of entry 1 and the item that the garner is instructional, it seems leve l-headed to start he knows what hes lecture well-nigh. The roman prints alike employ urine engineering, aqueducts, to supply the cities with weewee (Doc 8). Frontinus boasted just about the teemingness of piddle for popular and secret make use ofs (Doc 8). As a pissing commissi whizr, the generator of schedule 8 further duologue about the positives of the water system, peradventure to call for himself look dear in the eyeball of his superiors.An additional roll from a familiar citizen of capital of Italy describing how aqueducts positively restore their smell would hold back Frontinus, who only if provides an appointed policy-making science horizontal surface of view. twain the papist and the Han ordaineds wanted to use applied science to realise water for the utility of the citizens, pitch for the Han dynasty, it was more(prenominal) requisite to thrive. Huan sunburn, an upper crust Han philosopher, speaks of Fuxi, the pert emperor merelyterfly moth and artisan of the postage and mortar (Doc 3). later Fuxis invention, in that location was an make betterment in engineering science with the origination of water baron (Doc 3).The pose toward engine room in this enumeration is as engineering science as a largess from tyro emperors. Huan Tan, because a philosopher, would value applied science from the emperor as Confucian school of thought views the emperor as a engaging father-figure. Huan Tan may bring indite this roll evaluate the emperor as a course of blandish the catamenia giving medication activity in hopes of achieving a gritty(prenominal) official position. uniform Fuxi, Tu Shih, governor of Nanyang, was withal a intelligent and initiate draw (Doc 4).Tu Shih lavishlyly-developed a water-powered blowing-engine that was a tire out-saving device, to hasten cast-iron boorish implements. Tu Shih love the greens pile and wished to save their labor (Doc 4). engine roo m in this put down is in any case seen as a authorise from instruct drawship. The writer of this schedule could hold up been stressful to enrapture the emperor in fellowship to clear up a higher position in office. two of these documents take that the Han dynasty saw engineering science as a way to remedy in their society and for the justice of their people.Cicero, an property-owning popish policy-making loss leader describes those who discipline with their reach as gross(a) or common, believe that gentlemen do non run for with their men (Doc 5). Cicero speaks of hired- lasters and craftsmen as having change occupations (Doc 5). engineering science is perceived as necessary in this document, alone non flout for teach minds. Cicero can non accurately seek applied sciences seismic disturbance because he is a particle of the selected and does non make believe with engine room. fit to Seneca, an upper curriculum papist philosopher, applied s cience takes cosmos smart, plainly non foresight (Doc 7).Seneca does not believe in the impressiveness of individual technological creations and believes on that point is a difference amidst those who establish with their hands and those who work with their minds (Doc 7). twain documents battle array shun papist attitudes and atomic number 18 degrade towards engineering. Huan Guan, a Han authorities official, suggests that favourable political relation should regenerate the blank space of sub-standard tools (Doc 2). earlier than him world contradict towards engine room, he is be cast out towards the regimes role. He believes that applied science is zippy to idyll outturn and is the governments office to allow it (Doc 2).Plutarch, a roman high official describes Roman leader, Gauis Gracchus modify pathway structure in a glorifying write up (Doc 6). technology agree to this document has a realistic side, merely to a fault one of aesthetics (Doc 6). As a high-ranking official, Plutarch praises other political leader perhaps yearning to contain a promotion. some(prenominal) documents sight technology as necessary, but the Han dynasty shows a conduct for technology and the Roman pudding stone makes improvements that argon not of necessity critical to their society.Additional documents by women would extradite been useful in exploring whether in that location are similarities or differences in Han and Roman attitudes jibe to gender. Also, documents by workers or the trim class would stick out inclined contrary perspectives toward attitudes and views on technology, kind of of high officials who do not personally work with technology. The Han dynasty, because of internal disasters and the life-threatening of their civilization, were pushed to improve on technology man the Roman pudding stone respect their great, surplus innovations.

An Analysis of Improvisation of Internal Control and the use of Quantitative Methodology

An synopsis of extemporisation of infixed Control and the purpose of Quantitative ruleological digestResearch ruleologyQuantitative think oer Kothari (2004) defined primitive look for as the for the first time-hand realizeion of entropy by a person investigation whatsoeverthing. One of the chief(prenominal) merit of first-string look is that the entropy tranquil having specialised to the foregatherk since the police detective full function over the methods mappingd. This investigate leave behind implement the employees of Abu Dhabi Polymers participation Ltd. Borouge as the primary winding interrogation undefendeds. The rent lead seek the views of the employees concerning extemporization of inwrought mastery. This translate ordain lend oneself the triad-figure methodology in postvass the depth psychology of extemporisation of inwrought hold back. Kothari (2004) scruplenaires atomic moment 18 considered to be a cheap and potent way of stack away info from a big f entirely of respondents. They backside be prep ard and administered in short periods of age since different respondents in different places can fill them at the same time. As the comm scarce apply tools of selective selective information salt awayion, at that place is an amount of reasons to resume a offspring with a questionnaire survey. First, questionnaires ar anonymous, and lookers can much than easily collect precise information with c argonfully drafted questions. stand byly the info self- tranquil can be quantified easily, hence qualification comparisons becomes easy. In addition, questions from questionnaires ar designed for suppositional reasons, and the author can easily consider what should be included.Questionnaires usu all in ally start from a known theoretical position and incite to political campaign game the incomprehensible position (Kumar, 2010). The questions be designed to accommodate to an exist ing query question and ar hence fixed. The complaisant fundamental law of a questionnaire is much(prenominal) that the searcher does non need to invent sore questions. Consequently, a well-designed questionnaire can service the author adjoin information in effect non only on the boilers suit transactance of the show government, but excessively to collect entropy for specific reasons in related enterp gos.Pathak (2008) added that the Questionnaire is utilise in the workplace in distinguish to obtain information from the employees in Borouge. It lie downs of trine briny roles with the first voice think to address the persuasion of extemporization of interior mark off in dividing line organizations. condition the wideness of the topic, it is think that most respondents wipe turn up an supposition of how extemporisation of infixed subordination can be utilize as a business strategy in the circulating(prenominal) orbicular market. The first par cel is, therefore, considered to be the place aspect of the idea of temporary expedient of sexual ascendancy. In the bit portion, the opinions of the respondents concerning extemporisation of intimate go over is evaluated. This section withal attempts to squ ar the ability of Borouge to perform tellingly. The last section is intended to collect biometric info from the respondents. The dispassionate data result be the of import(prenominal) tool for analyzing the test essay to see whether it is a phonation of the larger Borouge in the UAE and world world. The questionnaire wonts unopen-ended questions. Pathak (2008) explains that closed questions be positive since the results can be quantified easily. The data collected leave alone be analysed through and through with(predicate) and through data synopsis methods through percentage calculation. Back launch somewhat Abu Dhabi Polymers smart nock Ltd. BorougeBorouge has a steep exertion capacity. In 20 10, the confederacy through its instruction team forethought tripled their products in the main manufacturing fructify in Abu Dhabi to 2 one thousand one million million tones product. The 2014 product reckonion is expected to rise to 4.5 million tones. Borouge and Borealis argon expected to improver their annual drudgery to 8 million tons of polymers. The golf-club is engaged on elaborateness means cross shipway the Middle callable east and Asia market. Apart from the take touch on, the attach to in devising ways of addressing the water and sanitation problems affecting the nation on a global perspective. The confederacy engages in unlike corporate social responsibilities. According to Abdulaziz Alhajri, the CEO, Abu Dhabi Polymers Co. Ltd (Borouge), the federation embarks on legal professions does not only put up to their customers, but also extends their care to the society and otherwise s sustainholders. For sustainability, the conjunction pictu res that they carry out activities that are environmentally friendly and that put forward the well existence of the rude(a) environment (The National, 2013).Improvisation of upcountry simpleness of Borouge pass on implore understand of the take of employees the organization has in the deceaseforce. The Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd has a total of more than 500 employees who drub in the manufacturing plant for the petroleum products in the familiarity. The look imparting collect information on the extemporisation of the upcountry reckon of the organization. The creation in the organization is comprised of absolute majority male employees who take a population of approximately 87% of the sum of employees in the organization with women comprising of 13%. This population is of the essence(p) in the running of the education in the organization. The respondents leave encounter a render of the blameless population. judgement the Abu Dhabi Polymers Company speci al inner control pull up stakes call down recommendation internal organization improvements. Borouge has time-tested to cover beauteousness in the work force (Michael Adewale, 2010). Borouge has maintained an agreeable positive learn in the finished UAE region. With a high subjugate of m contractings, the enlisting has been slow pickings up to sextet months receivable to lamentable technical and adequate with the candidates. This has been the case raze sequently a massive expansion program taking place in all the branches. such(prenominal)(prenominal) problems discourage some(prenominal) of the applicants who whitethorn wear expansive bring in their palm of work, leaving the lodge lacking the vanquish team to work with. It affected the play along greatly by making some gaps in the workforce that reduced the proceeds of the company. This reduced the production potential of the company and left the other employees exhausted ascribable to overwork. This in fluenced the morale of the employees in such a situation negatively. men planning refers to a well-organized move that involves the end of the total number of employees call for by the organization and exact understanding of their talents and abilities that are burning(prenominal) for the company to realize its narrow down objectives. It also involves preparing for save plan roll to ensure that the objectives of the company are met as expected inside the required duration of time. Sample surface of it and cream Selection of the proto suit size is life-and-death in the seek acquire callable to raise ability to collect non- slanted data from the respondent. The essay size selected for the study of the improvisation of internal control of Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd is carbon questionnaire. The questionnaire leave alone be utilize as the method of collection primary data in the study receivable to its easy application and design. In addition, the data analysis victimization the questionnaire is simpler in the quantitative interrogation. The hear woof will be pictured by probability taste technique will be utilize for this study due to its ability to be non-biased data crowd and assisting. This is effective due to easiness in calculating the required take from a population. The picking process is also amend to ensure that the data collected is various and encourages the generalization of the seek size to symbolise the population (Wayne Stuart, 2004).Weng gouge (2013) argued that probability try out is important due to its inclusive temper that provides a type that is a archetype of the total population. With a high population of employees at Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd, the probability taste method would drive representation of the consummate population of over 1200 in the deed plant. The try out process comprises of a number of touchstones to wrap up the desired sample size. The first maltreat comprises o f the comment of the population. In this enquiry, the population type is considered to be the entire workforce at Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd. This comprises of all employees who work in the organization. The second step comprises of the specification of the ingest frame that consist of a set of items or events that are practicable to measure in the investigate. In this case, the objective of this inquiry is to determine the improvisation of internal control of Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd. The analysis comprises the study on the internal control in the organization that analyzes on its strength, weaknesses and opportunities for growth to increase force and effectiveness in the operation. Following the definition of the item being studied, Weng Ding (2013) added that the have process indeed involves the specification of the adjust method of sampling. In this cases, random sampling is selected where the population has equal chances of being selected as a sample fo r this study. This ensures uniformity and identifies the ground for analyzing that the sample utilise is a representation of the whole population. Having place all the sampling concerns for the sample, the seeker may decide to determine the appropriate sample size for the look for where in Borouge the sample size selected was 100 respondents. In addition, the determination of the sample plan is set for the selection of the sample in the workforce that will ensure the catholicity of the data collected for this enquiry. Finally, the sampling method requires sampling integration in the research and data collection. The sampling method employ is also checked to ensure that any surmisal of bias is sealed. data Collecting Tools The research on improvisation of internal control of Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd will be symbiotic on both(prenominal) types of data that is crucial to this research. The primary and lower-ranking data are important in research to ensure that there is halt of primary research results with secondary figureings. The two types of data are important to the research since they reduce the possibilities of producing biased data thus presenting false tell apart in the research inviteings. The primary data will be collected through a well-designed questionnaire that will gather all the primary data essential for the research. This newfangledspaper publisher will use some theories such as steering and systems science, human choice management, core competency, and relative advantage for analyses stakes and instruction improvisation of internal control at Borouge, which is a manufacturing intentness. The main methods apply in the literary works polish up in the relevant fields of manufacturing firms are quantitative, and qualitative data-based data from prior research (Herbert et al., 2006). This project intends to identify ongoing and future trends in the improvisation of the internal control in an organization in the m anufacturing assiduity through examining the past research, examine ongoing trends and displace conclusions on the possible future of improvisation in Borouge manufacturing company. The publications review in this research will give an overview of research done by the previous researchers and hence compare those findings from the questionnaires used to present daytime academic work. The second section identifies the some(prenominal) large scale, and authorized, research findings analyzed to promote understanding of the current state of internal control improvisation and its impact on the manufacturing industriousness. From these explorations, there is a discussion on the trends and movement in the global economy, curiously in the manufacturing exertion in unify Arab Emirates.According to Adr Mellenbergh (2008), an preliminary study is used to clarify the understanding of a problem, to find out, what is happening find a new insight ask questions and evaluate phenomena i n a new way. on that point are three principal ways to do searching research. Conduct a literature research Conduct interrogate with experts in the subject or through questionnaires choose interviews to instruction groups. As mentioned earlier, it will focus on the topic of risk assessment in HR outsourcing in the Chinese manufacturing industry. The research will conduct exploratory research in value to investigate the research questions. The research will be heavy on both literature review and questionnaires, and combine them with the conjecture in high society to provide an in-depth understanding of our research questions. At the same time, the research will use an explanatory study in order to answer our research questions more clearly. Firstly, after reading a numbers of literature about improvisation of internal control in an organization in the manufacturing industry in UAE, it is important to understand and analyze the question of (What is current risks of improvisat ion of internal control of the manufacturing industry?) And another question (What is the current trends in the development of the internal control improvisation in Borouge manufacturing industry?). This will patron in roll up data and carrying an effective data analysis in subsequent sections.

Special-Needs Offender Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special-Needs Offender Programs - Research Paper ExampleAccording to estimates, mental infirmity affects 50 percent of the population in U.S. prisons (DeGroot, 2015). The high population leads to overcrowding in prison because of the high population. As a result, mentally ill inmates may be put under solitary confinement and may not receive adequate mental health medical attention. Mentally retarded offenders require word in facilities that can adequately address the issues affecting them. The treatment helps in their rehabilitation (Lamberti, Weisman, & Faden, 2014).Crime close relates to substance or drug abuse. Most offenders in prisons committed crimes while under the influence of intoxicants. Such offenders should be given specialized attention during their keep and incarceration. Formulation of rehabilitation is demand to provide the necessary help to drug users (Atabay, 2009). The main challenge that substance abusers face is the fact that prisons in the U.S. serve many pr isoners. The provision of services to many offenders makes it difficult to deterrent example-by-case out substance abusers in order to rehabilitate them.A sexual offence by definition is an unwanted sexual encounter between deuce or more adults or minors. The sexual offence may involve actual contact or no contact. Sexual offenders are individuals who engage in such activities. Unfortunately, sex-related crimes are quite common in the U.S (Sample & Kandleck, 2008).Estimates have it that one out of five girls faces sexual abuse before attaining adult age. In the case of boys, it is one out of seven (CSOM, 2015).Women offenders are also under the special-needs offender categories. The reason for this is the fact that women have psychiatric attributes that make them different from male offenders. For this reason, women detention is done in specific correctional institutions. As at 2010, there were 113,000 women facing incarceration in the correctional

How have anthropologists tried to understand depression in other Essay

How have anthropologists tried to understand opinion in other societies - Essay ExampleAccording to the prediction of WHO, in 2020 depression give be the second major cause of disability (Bhugra &Mastrogianni 2004, p.13).According to Murry and Lopez (1997), In developing countries major depression is projected to be the leading cause of disease force(as cited in Bhugra &Mastrogianni 2004, p.13).According to Kleinman and Good (1985, p.1) the terms depression, melancholia, mania have long and continuous history in European thought. Greek and Roman writers in addition mentioned the presence of some melancholic diseases among people which are similar to the ones identified today. Depressed patients are treated with medical regiments consisting of antidepressants and supportive therapies. This universal treatment of depression is of no surprise for biomedical researchers due to the fact that they consider depression to be a disease that is identifiable throughout the world. Past deca des majorly contributed in identifying the biochemical and psychological factors that give rise to depression, but it does not show us the complete picture because of the recent research on neurotransmitters. Growing evidence identifies the issues well-nigh the universal perception of depression and conceptual complications. Kleinman and Good state, Bioamines involved in the transmission and regulation of neurological messages-and a set of hormones are implicated in depressive illness. (1985, p.1) It implies to the presence of culture about depression. This essay analyses the contributions of anthropologists for understanding depression in non-Western societies.Initially depression was considered to be the issue of west only. It refers to the perception of a less(prenominal) evolved brain in other parts of the world (Vint 1932 as cited in Skultans & Cox 2000, p.76). Prince (1967), German (1972), and Marsella (1976) identified not only an inadequate body of research about depression when it comes to non-western societies but also found

International accounting in china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International accounting in china - Essay Example1990 was a watershed yr wherein the PRC laid out the staple general objectives for the accounting system reform which consisted of the fundamental and specific accounting standards against the background of the international accounting practices catering to the nations requirements. ( invoice and Auditing Standards)The approach had the inclusion of a two-pronged atomic number 53 that had involved the makeover to an accounting system driven by market-economy from the existing planned economy accounting system. The first step led to the formation of the International Accounting Standard -- IAS based Basic Accounting Standards in the year 1992. This apart, a fresh package of uniform accounting system was being released for the purpose of the life-sustaining economic sectors. The second step will have a complete system of accounting standards which meant for businesses which would be built over the process of time legal transfer the Ch inese accounting system on the similar lines along with the global practices. The espousing of the Basic Accounting Standard in the year 1992 standardised the financial trading operations of all businesses, public enterprises, as well as governmental bodies and dealt with several issues and problems connected with the old system. (Accounting and Auditing Standards) Background of mainland Chinas economy (1980 to date market economy) The year 1980 had sterilise the conditions for the Second Revolution that marked the starting of the reforms in every arena of the Chinese society by the leaders who had ruled the country after monoamine oxidase Zedong. The leadership of the PRC had turned over to economic reforms as the main instrument in order to realize the extensive objective of the conditions of modernizations in cardinal principal sectors such as industry, agriculture, science and technology and defence and to make the nation join into the group of advanced industrial countries b y the beginning of the crude millennium. This reform approach was initiated during the 1980s and it has been credited generally to the initiatives as well as single-mindedness of the stalwart Deng Xiaoping, who was the most important leader in China after Mao Zedong under whose leadership had brought about comprehensive economic modernization as well as organizational reforms program. The progress of the industrial sector in China was being marked by the large-scale movement of the population towards the urban areas. The population had crossed over 1 billion by the year 1982 with an annual growth rate of about 1.4%. (The Peoples Republic of China V Reforms, 1980-88) With the passage of time, overseas experts were being called in for a helping hand in the process of modernization and the JVs with foreign capitalists and the MNCs had increased. However the growth as well as the successful harnessing of the technological skills, which is the main crux of the Four Modernisation had re quire the necessity of huge investment and further needed extra labour by the Chinese people. In a partial departure from the goal of self-reliance, China started taking

Case Analysis of Whole Foods Market Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Whole Foods market place - Case Study typeThe best alternative solution generates the best Whole Food Market result.Next, the company, Whole Foods Market, sells organic food products. The company started in 1980. The leader of Whole Foods Market is John Mackay. The company has everywhere 300 stores strategically located in 24 North Ameri set up states and Canada. The companys expansion included mergers and acquisitions. The company acquired Wild Oats Food in 2005.Further, there are key SWOT issues in the case study. In terms of strengths, the Whole Foods Market sells healthy foods and has over 23 American and Canadian branches. The company does not sell non-organic food products and refuses to reduce avoidable expenses. The companys opportunities include selling to other respite markets ( close food) and catering to restaurant clients and an amplification in the number of organic food competitors. The company must overcome the increasing number of organic food types or alternatives (Pearce & Robinson, 2011).Furthermore, Whole Foods Market is beset with a major problem. The major problem is reversing the companys declining food-related revenues and profits. The increasing influx of competitors and product alternatives precipitated to the decline. The increased mobility of the customers resulted to the customers preference for fast food restaurants like McDonalds (Hartline, 2010).First, Whole Foods Market can open a restaurant section to fill the needs of the customers preferring unhealthy food products. To increase revenues by more than 10 percent per year, the company can set up more stores in other uncharted territories. Third, the company can publicize the companys products and services to increase the demand for the companys organic food products by more than 15 percent per year. Fourth, the company can reduce operating expenses to allowable levels to increases profits. Fifth, the company can

EPISODIC and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

EPISODIC and Analysis - Essay ExampleHe is also complaining of shortness in breath, stuff nose and persistence of cough. On the opposite hand, T.M. denied smoking cig arttes, taking prohibited drugs and drinking alcoholic beverages. He has no allergic reactions to any food, any drug or medication, or any environmental factors. As a patient, he had not complained of pains or of any past hospitalizations. But he is sexually active and had undergone AIDS test. His two different brothers also tested negative of the AIDS test last year. He has had vaccination for milestones completed. He had no previous medications taken or OTC drugs. His parents are positive for hypertension.This seventeen (17) years old African American male was a mesomorph. His physique could be characterized to be predominantly muscular. He was alert organism very much aware of his surroundings when he was oriented three times. He had low grade fever at 990F. This was way below the gross profit of 100.40F or 380C. He was positive for adenopathy for some swelling on the perineal area because of the yellow perineal discharge present. However, he does not have exasperate eyes. He had also no visible wounds, not even rectal rashes. His lungs were clear. This means his respiration was normal. His heart rate was normal at P 58 RR 18 T 99.1 and BP is 139/91. Finally, his nose drainage was clear, but, his voice was hoarse (+).Subsequently, the following plan was designed and suggested for an assessment of the patient after consulting with school clinic 1) Gonorrhea/ Chlamydia rise for Urethral Infection a Non-culture detection of N. gonorrhea b. Culture positive for N. gonorrhea, with or without confirmation tests 2.) Test for Rectal/Pharyngeal Infection 3.) Test for human immunodeficiency virus from the patients blood collected sample 4.) DNA probe test mustiness be done to rule out Chlamydia 5.) Immunodiagnostic test must be done for the antigen-antibody reaction (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007) 6.) For medication, the patient must take Rocephin 125mg

Military Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Military Action - Essay ExampleThere was a universal outcry of the acts and whole kit and boodle of warlord Mohamad Farrah Aidid that needed immediate intervention. Acting on United Nations sanctioned mission therefore a group of United States soldiers invaded the city of Mogadishu. Eventually also, some corroborative results were recorded when the military action resulted in the prevention of Islamist terrorists from taking root despite the fact that that was not the original humanitarian mission (Nasaw, 2009).The Black cant Down battle in Somalia also had its own negative results. Analysts put one over judged the outcome of that particular military action as one of the worse to have ever hit the United States army. Within a period of 17 hours, as many as 18 United States soldiers and 500 Somalis had fallen as victims of death in the battle. To a very large extent, much blame is put on more intelligence gathering and more strategic fire as the cause of the problem (WGBH educatio nal foundation, 2012).there are many who hold the view that the United States army reacted rather to quickly to the call to go on that battle. By and large, leadership misappropriations may be cited as the cause of the failures that were associated with the military action in Somalia in

Movie of choice - Joyeux Noel (Merry Christmas) 2005 Essay

Movie of choice - Joyeux Noel (Merry Christmas) 2005 - Essay ExampleBut here there is one opposer situation and that is the fraternity and brotherhood which was established before the war for roughly time. The series is totally vise versa i.e. from war to fraternity and again from fraternity to war. The soldiers from dickens opposite troops have already prepared for the war, yet celebrating the Christmas with the genuine feelings of fraternity. It seems to be weird and unbelievable yet it had happened during the First World state of war. This amazing straightforward story was pictured by Christian Carion in his hold Joyeux Noel (Merry Christmas)One very beautiful line quoted by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, If we could read the secret fib of our enemies, we should find in each mans life sorrow and suffering enough to disarm all hostility. Hostility is there among the countries, among the leaders but what about the putting green soldiers? As a part of the duties they might be fi ghting with each other but their fight is not at all due to their private abhorrence. These soldiers are also the human beings and they have their family, friends. War is for the politics and not for human beings. Apart from being and enemy of each other the soldiers have created some emotional tie ups with the soldiers from their enemy country. In war stories we can see many incredible things. Here also we can see the love and aversion dwell under one single roof. This movie explains about the ceasefire took place in the regiments of three major countries on the Christmas Eve of 1914 during the First World War near Prussian occupied France. At that time the soldiers urging for peaceful family life put down their ammunitions and began to establish fraternity among each other. Though this film is a war film, the approach is individual and sentimental. It gives prominence to the emotions of the individual rather than the war and the political scenario.Joyeux Noel (Merry Christmas) i s an amazing and a very touching

The History of Communication in the Acient World Research Paper

The History of Communication in the Acient World - Research Paper ExampleThe invention of writing is assumed to have taken place as part of the commercial activities here, and the clay tablets of Mesopotamia show that trade by river and sea was a major channel of communication between centers of population. Writing was a authoritative way of keeping track of goods between tradesmen and guaranteeing the prosperity of these early cities. The civilization of Ancient Egypt took the invention of writing to new levels by using the a great deal much portable format of colored ink on carefully prepared papyrus made from the stems of plants that grew a presbyopic the Nile. Longer texts could be written on this material, and it was much lighter and easier to transport than the heavy and fragile clay tablets of the Mesopotamian region. Hieroglyphic writing was used both in portable scrolls, and on huge monuments, proclaiming the greatness of this correctly civilization. The Phoenicians were also very active in the ancient world, traveling around the coastlines in their sailing craft, transporting goods and ideas across very large distances. They must have encountered population from many different countries, speaking different languages, and this need to communicate internationally may well have inspired the symbols which the Phoenicians used and these provide the building blocks which crop up modern Western alphabets. The Greek civilization was renowned for its expansionism in a military sense but also for its philosophy and its invention of commonwealth as a form of government. In ancient times Greek ideas were passed from place to place through a combination of conquest and alliance as different cities became part of the Greek empire. Homers Odyssey, for example, describes how great leaders communicated to their citizens using direct word of mouth Straightway he bade the clear-voiced heralds to drum up to the assembly the long-haired Achaeans (Homer, Odyssey, 2 .6). Human messengers were the main means of communication over longer distances between rulers of cities and states, and without modern technologies like telephones and mechanized transport, it took a very long time for news to travel back and forth. Hellenism, as the Greek influence is called, was the bearer of many cultural traditions, including ideas about education, the arts and philosophy. Greek citizens took their culture with them as they colonized new areas, often combining new ideas from other cultures with their Greek way of thinking. Many Greek artefacts borrowed ideas from cultures which had better designs and production technologies , such as Persia, for example, wake that trade was a bearer of culture as well as material benefits (Miller, 1997, p. 202). In the time of Greek supremacy great cosmopolitan hubs were created which served as a central pool of ideas from outlying areas. It was Persia also, which first invented a system of mail service, carrying documents an d portable items along staged routes between key cities. The Greeks built libraries, preserving knowledge, and communication it from generation to generation, so that scientific discoveries and technological advances could be passed on. People traveled far and wide to learn from great Greek teachers like Socrates, who greatly influenced the bill of ideas. The Roman civilization brought many artefacts, ideas and traditions from their Mediterranean to the northernmost parts of Europe, and to North Africa and Asia also. The main channel of communication was the military roads that the armies built as

How has the debt problem in Europe evolved Using appropriate theories, Coursework

How has the debt problem in europium evolved Using appropriate theories, assess how governments and institutions have responded t - Coursework ExampleHe stated that Europe faced a moral crisis as oftentimes as an stinting crisis and hence European leaders needed to make up their minds on the eccentric person of wedding they really wanted (Beesley 2013). According to him, there was a need for radical economics and a radical rethink of how Eu leaders were handling the economic crisis (Ibid). The debt problem was generated as a result of so many complicated factors from different sectors of Eurozone. The introduction of Euro or the formation of monetary union, without uniting the financial policies of the countries was one among them. European Union did not give proper attention to confirm whether the member states were obeying EUs rules and regulations and during the crisis they also accepted the high budget deficits by many countries. The global recession of course has a role in the problem from the year 2008 to 2012. The debt crisis faltered the lending and economic growth because of the banks liquidity problems (ACCA 2012). The loans make to both governments and private organizations had assumed certain levels of growth when these expectations failed problems arose regarding the repayment and servicing debts (Ibid). In general, problems from the banking sectors had caused remarkable effects on the whole European economy. The rating agencies utilized the crisis occasion in a way that led rise in bond yields and tensions in the bond market and also made the government to hesitate in raising money because of the distrust on creditors about the payment. European Politics had a sound influence on worsenedning the dept dilemma. Different political parties with different ideas and suggestions always created conflicts between the decision makers. Germany went ahead with their austerity-led strategy to deal with the crisis and also protected against the anti-aus terity parties through their strikes. The responsible authorities or leaders could not take relevant measures at the right time in order to tackle the problem, and it spread uncontrollably. The decisions made by them seemed to be repugnant and non-practical. The European Unions attempts to find proper solutions for the debt crisis resulted in increasing the minimum level of bank capitalization in order to make competent of handling future problems (ACCA 2012). Another step forwarded by the EU was the formation of European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) to raise funds needed to tolerate loans to the European countries and later developed a mechanism in conjunction with both EFSF and Internal Monetary Fund for the same purpose (Ibid). As the banking particle founded to be a key solution for debt crisis management, the European Central Bank decided to assure low interest rates to aid and boost economic growth and tried to solve problems regarding liquidity by bringing governme nt and private debt securities to the open market. But ECB lacked other important options like forming fiscal union or banking union. Internal Monetary Fund is also lending money in appropriate manner joining with EFSF and they are expected to do much more in upcoming years. Morris Goldstein, a former deputy director of research at the IMF said that If the IMF wasnt participating at all, the crisis would have been worse (Eving 2013). While IMF had insisted that the aid recipients must cut government spending and raise taxes Ms. Lagarde

Economics of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics of International Trade - Essay ExampleThe sale of the imported goods from the developing countries was high that more or less of the manufacturing companies lowered the yield for their workers. Most of the manufacturing companies were experiencing difficulty in trade because of the low sale of the manufactured goods. That is the export level was much lower compared to the exports. Most of these companies began hiring quite a little that were not trained and other un scientific disciplineed labor. Other factors that affected international trade in the United States is the draw near in inequality due to the skill differentials.The international trade differences are what led to the rise in inequality in the payment of wages and employment in general (Ebenstein , Harrison McMillan & Phillips p. 3). The countries that had low income wages were producing more manufactured products compared to the manufacturing countries that based their labor on skilled workers. This is bec ause most of the manufacturing countries with low wages had more employees and could manufacture more goods compared to the latter.History has recorded that the rise and the fall of the income trends have been affected by the rise and fall of the international trade. As most of the manufactured goods come from the developing countries, trade seems to have favour the developing countries. For instance, due to the fact that the developing countries export most of the manufactured products thus has trade favored these countries. The fact that has led to inequality is because of the employment in these countries. Because the export many products, they also employ many employees compared to the other countries. This has in turn increased the inequality in trade in the international market.The changes in the payment of wages have also influenced the pricing of the good in the international market. As a result, the changes in the wages have also break down a contributing factor in inequa lity in the international trade. It is true that the

The Curse (1988) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Curse (1988) - Research Paper ExampleThrough his narration, the author has tried to make use of the words, actions as rise up as thoughts of Mitchell Hayes that would occur to the man as he went about living the due course of his lifestyle. His family and friends, as well as the police tense up to tell him that he had done enough, however, he began questioning his own decisions and feels guilt and resentment at himself for not having been able to do more. Hayes says, I should have stopped it. I think I could have stopped it. (Dubus, Andre) The author has tried to express how every human being tries his best to eer do more than what he can, and when he is not able to do so, he blames himself for it and regrets his decisions later. However, this is a futile exercise because every man has a choice to make and those choices affect his entire life and the course that it takes. No choices can be made later or gone back upon, and gum olibanum Hayes takes a long time to understand th e very concept of not regretting whatever one does in their life. As the rape comes to an end and the bikers leave the scene, Hayes slowly walks towards the girl and sits down next to her.

Managing and Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing and Leading Change - Essay ExampleOrganizations be part of the society and are gum olibanum affected by the varietys in the societal trends (Drucker 2005). As has been observed, employees in these organizations resist changes and are not bequeathing to accept new staff. The need for the employees to accept change especially where leaders exit or there is need to implement new technologies in production (Fullan 2007). Kim should lead its employees in embracing change by involving them and communicating in a timely way the expected results from the change process. There is also need for the employees and stakeholders of Spice Tall to develop a finale of adhering to procedures and using communication channels to express their dissatisfaction. The adherence to procedures will make the employees avoid incidences that cause accidents and breakages. If well developed, the accidents and losses experienced in the warehouse will be reduced and curtailed. The use of the formal com munication channel will make the employees avoid rumors and speculations (Cummings & Worley 2008). ... At the same time, management and employees need to accommodate the divers(a) decisions by compromising. Rigidity retards growth, innovation and hampers adversely on the performance of an organization (Northouse 2009). Barriers in attaining its success will face a business that fails to convince its employees on the pith objectives and actions. To achieve the expectations and the target, Spice Tall needs to embrace task culture. An organization that employs task culture will create different work teams that are assigned the duty of achieving a particular result. Employees work as a team and are empowered to make decisions that will change them realize the core objective (Northouse 2009). If well introduced in the case of Spice Tall, the employees motivation and morale will increase making the business grow and increase their returns. Moreover, it will enable Kim concentrate on th e results rather than the personality or the processes hence getting relieved of the many duties because the culture of delegation will arise. Organization culture is thus critical in the attainment of the organization success. The management should comprehend the basic assumptions, shared values, and norms in order to avoid conflicts in the making of major decisions. At the same time, new staff must be ready to learn the organizations culture within a short time period for the organization to touch its objectives in a short time span (Fullan 2007). The culture of the organization must accommodate the diverse nature and practices of the individuals who are part of the system. Kim must therefore make the employees embrace the practices that are necessary for the organization to be on track in the realization of its aims. Leadership Approach Successful change processes take good

Cultural Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Cultural Tourism - Essay ExampleA thriving cultural economy put forward often improve the socio-economic status of a city and contribute positively to local anesthetic community life.An improved packaging and marketing of The Thames Gap which consists of the Hampton Court Palace, the capital of Virginia Park, the Kew Gardens and the view from Richmond Hill will result in higher revenues in the form of higher visitor arrivals for this cultural venue. Hence, the management of The Thames Gap moldiness derive useful inputs from the SWOT Analysis which is tackled in this paper. A better and improved marketing strategy will redound to higher revenues and ultimately, the greater welfare of the residents of the City of London.Various tourism studies have highlighted the importance of cultural tourism and its contribution to the socio-economic development of the City of London. Von Eckardt (1980140) has emphasised that culture is something that rises up from below. This development is a res ult of the new cultural planning which leads to community development. Fox-Przeworski et al. (1991250) suggest that there is no single set of measures that can bring about successful urban economic re-formation for all cities. Hence, a cultural planning approach aims to combine cultural planning with other urban policies covering the. economic, environmental, social, political, educational, symbolic p prowess to ensure a more integrated development (Bianchini, 1993). Evans (2001) provides a complete analysis of the development of arts and cultural planning within the context of urban metempsychosis. Von Eckhardt (1980142) again emphasised the integral nature of cultural planning by emphasizing that the art of architecture, the art of urban design, the art of winning community support, the art of transportation planning, and the art of mastering the dynamics of economic development.In addition, Harvey (1989) argued that cultural tourism is inextricably linked in the context of urba n development. planning has a substantive economic dimension, as stated by Von Eckhardt (1980) Good cultural planning is quite similar to good economic planning. Smith (199657) suggests that the so-called urban renaissance has been stimulated more by economic than cultural forces.In the past, heavy focus been placed on the economic imperative in regeneration strategies. Fox-Przeworski et al. (1991237) claim that the canonical basis for successful local economic regeneration is an honest evaluation of the challenges and opportunities facing the local economy. Social, cultural and welfare issues which are crucial to the welfare of local communities has not been neglected by key officials.Cultural tourism requires global competitiveness. For instance, specific measures to enhance the competitiveness of the local economy should consider the entire economic, social and environmental structure. The local population is the priority where jobs are to be created or housing improved. Bianch ini (1993212) also stressed the importance of local community interests in urban regeneration initiatives in Western Europe as a clear goal to revitalise the cultural, social and political life of local residents which should always precede and gravel the formulation of physical and economic

External Forces that have brought Cross boarder restructuring in the Essay

External Forces that have brought Cross boarder restructuring in the airline industry - Essay ExampleThe perform of this crisis was the increase in the fuel prices as in the worse economic fiasco faced by m whatever nations across the globe. This led to the falling atomic pile in demand of fuel in USA and Britain. Breaking out of Gulf War saw many airlines shutting their business down, among these were the Eastern Airlines -US, British airline Air Europe, Pan American and a few smaller airlines like Midway-US and TEA in Belgium.The end of Gulf War was not any better for any of these airlines. From the worlds top-20 airlines only British Airways, Cathay, SIA (Singapore Airlines) and Swissair made a net surplus in each of the three years 1991-1993. The worst hit was the North-American airlines on the contrary many Asian airlines functioned beneficially.Many airlines needed huge capitals to survive in those years among them was Air France. The member states of the European Union recei ved US $ 10.4 meg in state aid in the year 1995. This was government support offered following authorization by the European Commission. In 1997, Alitalia was given $ 1.7 billion of state aid. Several Airlines received government funds about $ 1.3 billion that were not classified as state support. Subsequently, in 1994 and the years to follow, with financial circumspection a number of airlines returned to stipulate development and gain profits. Generally, this was the time when a boom occurred in the airline business. In addition, 1998 was the most lucrative year ever. (Doganis, 2001)By and large, joblessness in the New York state remains towering, at 7.4 percent, and current statistics illustrate that more or less 40 percent of those laid off concomitant to 9/11 are still jobless. Even though billions of dollars in centralized support have been billed to help the airlines affected by the intractable assault, removed airline employees have by and large been unsuccessful to profi t up

Different situations in the school Essay Example for Free

Different situations in the school EssayIt is found bulge come in that p bents of children piteous from accomplishment disabilities represent other parents in boldness regarding childrens upbringing, education as swell as disabilities. Understanding of these parents concerns greatly contributes to childrens education since they work together with teachers to assist the disabled children.It is not becharm to generalize situations of parents whose children suffer from eruditeness disabilities. This is because the parents affirm different approaches of dealing with their childrens situation which is necessitated by their different backgrounds. (Myklebust, 2008) Parents withstand very high expectations, dreams as well as hope concerning their childrens life long before those children is born. The primary hope for every parent is to have healthy children regardless of the kind of depend on and the preference of a desired sex comes after total health aspect.In cases where a child is found to possess disabilities and in this particular case, learnedness disabilities, parents lose dreams that they previously had for their children and they try to replace them with impudently dreams that fit childrens type of deterrent. However, grief associated with acquisition disability possessed by children tend to recapitulate in parents mind periodically including previous expectations that fail to take place which mainly occurs during anniversaries. (Donahue, 2002)Parents Experiences, Understanding and Expectations for Their Children with Learning DisabilitiesThe parents of millennial generation children are noticed to have more concern for aspects related to their childrens education particularly for those suffering from learning disabilities. Among the areas of concern for this category of parents is safety where parents are concerned with whether their childrens feelings as well as emotions are safe.This is because they fear a situation where they may get hurt by being looked down upon by other traffic pattern children. They likewise worry of the manner in which school personnel treat their children when they fail to respond to learning as expected. Since learning disabilities attract special assist to this category of children, they tend to be vulnerable to bully from other normal children which also affects childrens emotions negatively. (Ramcharan, 2005)The situation where parents mind about their childrens safety sometimes leads to overprotection on the side of children suffering from learning disabilities. This develops negative effects on those childrens development and some of these children suffering find this kind of discourse inappropriate as compared to their age. (Sigel, 2006)Another area of concern for parents whose children possess learning disabilities regards other childrens as well as parents attitudes towards their childrens situation of learning disability. They wonder whether their children will be accepted o r will be alienated due to their possession of learning disabilities. For instance, some parents of non-disabled children consider education property directed to education of children who possess learning disabilities as going to waste.They prefer that the funds are entirely used on their children who are more productive. Parents of children possessing learning disabilities experience difficulties in explaining the disability situation to their children. This affects the relationship between them since the children feel that some truth regarding their disability is being hidden from them, which is the reason as to wherefore they are accorded much attention. (Goss, 2001)Attitudes and Experiences of Children Possessing Learning Disabilities within Different Learning EnvironmentsThere is a wide variety of experiences as well as attitudes that children suffering from learning disabilities undergo within learning environments. These experiences accept a situation where they are discri minated by fellow students and find it difficult to have friends as normal students do. This is contributed by their inability to keep up with their friends knowledge and speed to learn and understand things which makes them to be alienated. The fact that these children are mostly with their teachers receiving extra guidance on topics taught in class when others are playing make it difficult for other children to interact with them due to the ever presence of their teacher.It follows that children suffering from learning disabilities are always or so their teachers where they tend to develop comfort which denies them a chance to learn how to associate with peers. This category of children also finds that avenues in which they can make friends are limited in their learning environment. In cases where there are extracurricular activities in which they can indulge in, they lack time for that since they are mostly getting special classes during their forgo time. (Gates, 2003)There are situations where childrens learning disabilities tend to overshadow their abilities according to their teachers perception. Some teachers direct their focus on the childrens situation rather than content of those children to develop some understanding of educational concepts. For instance, a teacher may recognize a childs struggles with science subjects to a point that he/she fails to recognize that the child is gifted in art. This negatively affects this category of children as they feel very inadequate since they are not appreciated for what they are good at doing. (Butler, 2002)Some school personnel may be willing to appreciate areas that children are good at, but it is hindered by identification methods applied in learning environments. Identification is normally conducted through standardized tests which is not the appropriate measure for their giftedness. The standardized tests require some adjustment as well as modifications before being imposed on the children in order to point areas in which they are gifted. (Taylor, 2005)The achievements of children possessing learning disabilities sometimes go unrecognized since there is no clear separation between the work done by teachers and that done by the children. Some people feel that their achievements are accompanied by so much follow up from teachers. This demoralizes the children especially when they are sure that they contributed quite a lot towards their success.Another disturbing situation for children suffering from learning disability is where they have to shift from schooling levels like when moving from elementary level to secondary level. Another handing over is when this category of childrens families relocates to new residential areas where the children have to change schools.Children suffering from learning disabilities find it hard to adjust during these two transition periods. The main difficulty comes where they have to initiate new relationships in their new schooling levels as well as schools. That is they have to introduce themselves and their situation to their new teachers who might treat them differently from their previous school personnel. This makes children to feel out of place when they realize that they are taking more time to adjust compared to normal children and even more when the new learning environment fails to fit their of necessity appropriately. (Westwood, 2003)These children feel stressed and pessimistic about starting the process of getting special attention in learning with the new school personnel. This stress and discomfort realized from difficulties encountered in adjusting to unfamiliar learning situation is normally manifested in some weird behaviour that was not previously recognized in the children which shows that the transition situation affects them psychologically. (Adelman, 2007)There are certain characteristics that describe the learning environment that children suffering from learning disabilities consider ideal, in which the y would be absolutely comfortable if the were provided to them. These include a learning environment where needs, concerns as well as dreams of these children are accorded consideration by their teachers. They also prefer that their disability does not hinder their teachers from recognizing areas where they are gifted. Concerning the manner in which other children treat them, these children would prefer that other children interact with them freely without discriminating them due to their situation. (Kravets, 2003)ConclusionIt is clear that parents encounter distinct experiences with children suffering from learning disabilities including the situation where parents are not in a position to explain the learning disability situation to their children. This affects the relationship between parents and their children since the children feel that everything is not being revealed concerning their situation. These children also encounter challenging experiences from their learning environ ments.This is normally because they are not treated as they would prefer which makes them feel out of place. They point out that they would prefer to be integrated with other normal children in order that their learning disabilities do not hinder them from living a happy life. They also prefer that everything about their learning disability is disclosed to them in order that they get to know their level of disability and work towards adjusting it. (Sattler, 2007)

Censored Literature Essay Example for Free

Censored Literature EssayThere are many reason why states or international countries ban and censor literature. The question that arise when literature are integrated into the curriculum is is the literature appropriate? The reason for outlaw or banned literature is culture, language, religion, and age.The master key of the go by William Golding is literature that has been challenged and censored by many schools because of what the literature represents and inappropriate for children of a certain age. Although many schools banned and censored the literature, the literature can reserve a positive in-class discussion and encourage root projects. Censoring The Lord of the Flies by William GoldingThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional take hold about British schoolboys being evacuated on a plane to escape war. The plane is shot down into a deserted island. Challenges are faced, rules are broke, and untested laws are established on the island.The main charact er, Ralph, becomes the leader of the schoolboys. Ralph tries to establish order on the island, but the schoolboys vote against Ralph. Instead of establishing order and a civil group on the island, the schoolboys become savages, violent, and mischievous. As Ralph tries to escape the mischievous boys who are afterward him, Ralph stumbles upon the beach, where a British naval ship arrived on the beach.The literature is seen as a controversial book. The Lord of the Flies by William Golding was challenged at the Owen, NC High School in 1981. According to the American Library Association (2010), the book was considered demoralizing inasmuch as it implies that man is little more than an animal (The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding).The literature brings up the discussion of what constitutes a government vs. savages. Although to some, the literature may seem gaga with inappropriate language, the literature provides knowledge and uses of symbolism. I agree the literature may be unsui table ages the book recommended for high school students can be a great tool for English studies and in-class discussion. The use of symbolism helps students to learn the depths and meaning of literature. Symbolism adds ideas and different meanings in literary works. Use of Literature in the Curriculum.The Lord of the Flies by William Golding can be used in the high school reading curriculum for English studies. Students will discuss the literature after reading two chapters. Student will identify the symbolism used in the chapters. Students will then discuss the issue of laws vs. savages. Upon discussion, students will then keep open down what constitute a government and laws. Student will then discuss his or her ideas in front of the class. ConclusionLiterature banned and censored in many parts of the United States and other countries halt content material that may be unsuitable for certain age groups. However, censoring books may not allow students to experience certain situati ons that he or she may not experience, but can experience emotions. Some literatures may even contain valuable information on history or the way government works. Other literatures can provide discussion that can provide different perspectives or views of the story. It is important to incorporate literature in everyday teaching to enhance critical thinking skills.ReferenceAmerican Library Association. (2010). Banned and/or Challenged Books from the Radcliffe publish course top 100 novels of the 20th century. Retrieved from http//www.ala.org/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/classics/reasons

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict History Essay

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict History EssayDemarcating boundaries to create nations has been an nonpareilrous exercise that has continuously been replete with controersies. Conflicts halt been prevailing all everywhere it a overcompensate the globe. This conflict has extended towarf areds sea bodies as countries compete to control oil wells and other resources. The conflicts c erstrning North Korea and South Korea, the US and Mexico and Japan and mainland China are some of the examples that live with drawn supranational attention. The paper will however focus on issues related to the stalemate over Kashmir amid India and Pakistan. earlier 1947 India and Pakistan were a part of a conjugation that was under the control of the British Raj. While leaving, the colonial powers separated the region on the floor of religion bighearted rise to two nations India and Pakistan. The transition was mired with incidents that were fraught with bloodshed and consequently the two nations developed an animosity towards each other. A nonher contend for conflict was over territorial command over Kashmir an Indian state that lay along the b poses of India and Pakistan. In a bid to control the region the two countries obligate been tough in numerous wars the war in 1948 and 1965 and the Kargil war of 1999. India opines that Pakistan along with its agencies like the Inter-Services Intelligence or the ISI finances terrorism in the region to create instability while Pakistan claims that they rightfully own Kashmir. The region in like manner has a 3rd group known as separatists who want a separate identity without universe a part of either India or Pakistan.The people of Kashmir buzz off been traumatized by the level of insurgency in the region along with the atrocities committed by the Indian army under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA). At adept clock time people had an inclination towards a particular nation but the atrocities perpetrated by these nations remove held public opinion against these countries. Some have true the point that they are helpless while the reactive ones resort to activities like mass protest and vast scale stone slinging in order to claim their basic rights.The lit successionture serves to provide a background to the conflict that includes the three major wars fought between them. It will premiere cover the reasons that led to the three wars (the 1948-1949 war, the 1965 war and the Kargil war) and the perspectives of some(prenominal) the countries will be discussed in relation to these confrontations. Elaborating on historical and contemporary issues, a comprehensive outlook of India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue will be discussed and the disparities will be extrapolated. Finally the paper will discuss the possible solutions to the Kashmir conflict. The solutions will be intensive and would encompass issues such as peeing share, providing autonomy to the people of Kashmir, nurturing trade and barter and demarcating the boundaries of Kashmir constituted on communal con nerverations.The Battle for Kashmira. Immediate post-independence 1948-1949 spotAs soon as the states of India and Pakistan were formed in 1947, the controversy over Kashmir arose. The two nations have been involved in four wars since the British left the subcontinent and the 1947-1948 was the first among them in which the rightful command over Kashmir was the contentious issue.1When the two countries were first formed, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu king by the name of maharaja Hari Singh. He was neutral to India and Pakistan and chose to stay on independent. On October 22, 1947 a large number of armed tribesmen2, made inroads into Kashmir, plundered the villages and later set fire to these villages. It was at this turn that the king sought the assistance of India and in return decided to patch up Kashmir a part of the Indian Union. This gave rise to upgrade conflict in the region. In 1947 , India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appealed to ask the United Nations to intervene and a UN cease-fire was arranged for December 31, 1948.3A ceasefire was established by means of and through a Line of Control and Kashmir was acknowledged as a disputed territory (Kashmir is nonoperational considered to be a disputed territory against the popular intuitive feeling in India that the region is a part of it).What needs to be acknowledged is that the war over Kashmir just aft(prenominal) Independence had numerous dimensions to it. The Indian depending on(p) claims that the Maharaja of Kashmir was harassed by the constant pillaging of Kashmiri villages by the tribesmen of Pakistan. To protect the interests of the Kashmiri people the Maharaja signed instrument of Accession to India.4It was further considered that the terrorist forces were under the patronage of Pakistan and was aimed at destabilizing the region. India further claims th at it managed to garner the take from the Kashmiris and under plebiscite rule it became a part of the nation. Pakistan on the other hand held an opinion that was all different. Pakistan never believed in the Accession agreement signed by India and continued to occupy a third portion of Kashmir.5The varied opinion was the main reason that led to the war and it was only after the interruption of the UN that both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sides acknowledged the existence of a ceasefire.India continued to occupy most parts of Kashmir while the international community along with Pakistan refuted such a territorial occupation. Pakistan managed to control a part of the territory and at the corresponding time refuted Indias claim. This was the scenario that prevailed in Kashmir after the war. The endeavors of the UN and the British prevented both the nations from breaking out into a war. Kashmir however was not given the privileges of a democracy by the India Union. India la id down the condition that unless Pakistani promenade vacated the remaining portion entirely, classless rights would be curbed in the region. Through the 1950s6, there was a tussle between the State Assembly and the power at the Centre in India for a more autonomous government. The Indian government was however really adamant in tackling the situation and maintained a obese military presence in the region. It was in this period that the people of Kashmir were subjected to strict military surveillance because the Indian politicians especially Nehru was of the opinion that if the people were given the liberty, it would foster Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in the region.b. 1965 WarThe year 1965 saw a desperate attempt by the Pakistani forces to seize Kashmir from the clasp of India. Between 1956 and 19627, Pakistan managed to procure a heavy consignment of military equipment and this narrowed down the military prowess of India and Pakistan. Americas assistance to Pakistan could be a retaliatory step considering the fact that India and the Soviet Union had maintained a sociable descent and this was beyond the comfort level of the US. The procurement emboldened Pakistan and it launched a fresh attack on India. India was however lucky in fending off the attack and sought for international intervention in the region in order to settle the dispute. It was for the first time that an international histrion (other than the UN took part in the Kashmir issue). The Security Council passed Resolution 211 that mandated both the parties to respect the ceasefire and recede back to their respective territories8. Even countries like the US stopped providing arms and ammo to both the countries. This was instrumental in bringing both the parties to the talking table with the Soviet Union as the mediator. A treaty was signed by both parties in Tashkent and as per the treaty the armies of both the nations withdrew from the disputed area.The 1965 War clearly demonstrated the significance of the Kashmir issue and brought to light the roles played by China, the US and the Soviet in the geopolitics of South Asia. Unfortunately the cease fire that was promulgated by the foreign powers did not have any bearing in the relationship between the two countries.9It was only a titular agreement between the two countries that was aimed at preventing any sort of confrontation between the Indian armament and the Pakistani Army. The scenario in Kashmir and the plight of the Kashmiris did not undergo any change after the war.c. 1999 WarA recurrent military-hybrid shift occurred in the 1980s through to the 1990s. After establishing a military regime through a coup in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq came to rely significantly upon Islamist groups for domestic political legitimacy.10It was in this era that militancy in the region reached new heights. India condemnd the Pakistani intelligence agencies for providing financial and logistical support to these militant groups. While a portion of the blame can be attributed to Pakistan, the Indian Army operating in the region had a role to play in the proliferation of these groups. What needs to be acknowledged is the fact there was widespread infiltration from the Pakistani borders into Indian soil. This was a constant feature in the 1990s and the Indian Army resorted to air attacks in a bid to stop infiltration into the unpolished. It was claimed by India that the infiltrators were backed up by the Pakistani soldiers patrolling the borders. As the air raids to curb the influx heated up, Pakistan troops retaliated. The half mask effect continued and this gave rise to the Kargil War in 1999. Constant shelling and airstrikes was a constant feature of the war. According to a Red Cross deal at least 30,00011were rendered homeless and they sought refuge in the Pakistani side of the Line of Control. Like the other two battles mentioned in front, this too came to an end after an intervention by a third party. Paki stan and India both celebrated their victory in the war but the volatility in the region was never erased. As fallout of the insignificance of the war, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had to pave way for General Musharraf who watch outmingly focused on economic and social issues.Issue of the disputesThe Kashmir conflict presents a very diabolical situation owing to the myriad opinions held by the two stakeholders on either side of the border. some(prenominal) the sides have been steadfast in holding on to their whims and this has been the most undecomposed issue. While numerous arrangements have been organized to tackle the issue, the unwillingness of both the parties has not allowed these talks to proceed in a supportive direction. It is also noticeable that there has been a shift in the viewpoints when it comes to taking possession of Kashmir. A look into the perspectives of both the countries so that our understanding of the problem becomes clearer.a. The Pakistanis competiti onPakistan has always considered itself to be the deprived party when it comes to having a stake in Kashmir. In the earlier stages of the struggle, that is, the period just after 1947, Pakistan was over inclined to make Kashmir a part of it because of the higher percentage of Muslims in the region. So when India occupied the region, it was a feeling of deprivation for Pakistan. In retaliation to it, the Army tried to grab Kashmir but did not succeed. Pakistan has very often resorted to cataclysmic religious violence12in a bid to destabilize the region and win the sympathy of the Kashmiris. This was not the case in the earlier stage when fundamentalism with respect to religion was not tapped to secure Kashmir. During the early stages of the conflict, the Army was the face of Pakistan and it did not budge in unveil its intentions to claim Kashmir. However the brazen steps taken by the Army drew the wrath of international players and so it resorted to hardliners so that a proxy war c ould be fought. This can be proven from the fact that the number of infiltrations increasing in the period concerned. One would raise ones eyebrow considering the fact these people managed to cross the border with relative ease and without any sort of hindrance from the Pakistani side.Pakistan has always supported the UN Security Council resolutions that envisaged the Kashmiri people determining in a plebiscite13as opposed to the command over the region by the Indian Union. The recent statement by the president of Pakistan clearly demonstrates the fact that Pakistan is eager to see a Kashmir which is free from the clout of India. Zardari remarked that Pakistan will continue to support the right of the people of Jammu Kashmir to peacefully choose their destiny in accordance with the UN Security Councils long-standing resolutions on this matter.14India on the other hand has been able to ward off international pressure in spite of depriving the people of Kashmir a plebiscite rule. Thi s has been the main concern for Pakistan because it would have preferred a neutral player controlling Kashmir instead of India. Occasionally, the Pakistani contingent has vented their war by making inroads into Kashmir through the coercive path. Pakistan has time and again improved its military might with the help of countries like China and Iran and when it felt that it could capture Kashmir, it instigated a war.Pakistan has also maintained s firm base in the Line of Control in the form of terrorist groups. Pakistan is now endeavoring to spread the cult of militancy and terrorism in new areas south of the Pir Panjal range in the Jammu region.15In this way Pakistan believes that the people of Kashmir would develop a deep sense of animosity towards India and enhance Pakistans propaganda of destabilizing the zone. One can even claim that Pakistan has been effective in this front as there have been numerous incidents involving tensions between Kashmir pundits and the majority Muslim po pulation. The area covered by Azad Kashmir has been the nurturing ground for numerous fundamentalist groups that is to say Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad.16Pakistan believes that it is their right to fight a battle in the name of religion and to claim Kashmir. Though this perspective is not blatantly endorsed, there has been generous proof to validate this claim. Leaders of militant groups such as Lakhvi and Hafeez Saeed have found safe havens in Pakistan and all attempts to extradite them have failed.b. Indias ArgumentIndia has always claimed to be the rightful rulers of Kashmir. It does not acknowledge the UNs opinion of considering Kashmir as a disputed region. Additionally India has meted out special treatment to the region by kerb most of the democratic rights. While India is a democratic region, Kashmir has a military rule. Only late has the legitimacy of the plebiscite rule been felt. The three wars fought with Pakistan have made the country wary of Pakistans intent ion so it feels justified to ramp up the military operations in the region. Unfortunately the Army and the implementation of Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) have given rise to controversies pertaining to human rights. Other moves included detaining suspected terrorists under Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, TADA (a controversial Act passed solely for this purpose), clamping excitement in the form of curfews, stand to house searches and indiscriminate interrogation of the natives.17Through stringent rules India intends to keep the motif elements in check but on paper India establishes Kashmir as a democratic state with all the privileges of an autonomous state in the Indian Union.Kashmir is also of prime significance as it is the boiling point for the countries surrounding it. So by gaining extra mileage in any form India wants to exert its presence in the region. India considers such momentum important in order to curb the deep approval between Pa kistan and China against it. The wars in 1960s and the late 1990s were in the main initiated once Pakistan believed that it has the military prowess to defeat India. This confidence did not generate internally. The support extended by the US and China helped Pakistan improve its arsenal. So by maintain a firm base in Kashmir, India believes that it can negate the attacks perpetrated by Pakistan.Recent events show that the dispute over Kashmir has been taken to a new level after the increase in the number of infiltrators. India has been a victim of many terrorist activities in the past and the trace of the miscreants trailed up to the terrorist organizations in Kashmir and Pakistan. So India believes that unless it ramps up its military activities in Kashmir and the borders surrounding it the influx of such infiltrants would be in the ascendancy. As a result, the late 1980s witnessed a number of measures that was aimed at stopping the inflow. All men above the age of eighteen were i ssued identity cards and paramilitary force patrols were stepped up in the region.18In spite of these measures and the increased surveillance across the borders, India has been a victim to the infiltrators who were responsible for carrying out blasts across cities and for carrying out the 26/11 Mumbai bloody drama, which involved attacks in as many as 11 places in the city that left 183 people, including 22 foreigners, dead.19Facets of dissension Resolution there has been smorgasbord in opinions when commentators narrate the current situation in Kashmir. While most are optimistic in their assessment there are many who still believe (especially separatists occupying Kashmir) that there no hope for Kashmir in the near future. This can be remarked from the increased activism by separatist groups. Even ordinary citizens from either side of the border perceive each other as threats. The era from 1947 to 2000 was unproductive as there were no resolute measures in resolving the stalemat e. However check to the first school of thought there is a silver lining that seems to have appeared in this century.In the new century, changing trends in all field of knowledge and the emphasis of people-to-people contact has become important for promoting mutual understanding between India and Pakistan.20It is fortunate that both the cultures are similar and this could be a basis for a friendly relationship. Both the countries have nuclear capabilities and this has decreased the possibility of a full scale war. Recently there have been talks that have promoted trade between the two nations. India was never in the most favored list of countries for trade with a very narrow positive list of 786 goods.21Pakistan has recently considered Indias case and one could soon see a transition in which bilateral trade is conducted between the two countries and this can be a gas pedal in the peace talks between the two nations. Kashmir would also be an important region as it could intermediat e the high volumes of trade that would ensue once the barriers to trade open up.On the flip side there has been numerous instances in which the talks to promote peace have failed miserably. The failed talks have been a major bottleneck in the way ahead because once such an event occurs there is a period of sustained inactivity in which both the parties refuse to cooperate in the peace dialogues. Most talks seem to revolve around Kashmir, border disputes and water sharing agreement. Unfortunately most issues remain un batd for a very long time. Pakistans association with China also raises eyebrows in India and this could be a deterrent in the way ahead. India has never accepted China to be a super power in the subcontinent and there have been occasions of territorial dispute between India and China.22This has been a critical causal factor in the interrelationship between India, Pakistan and China.The formation of a separatist group has added to the woes of Pakistan and India by addi ng another dimension to the Kashmir issue. The separatist groups have also started being straight-from-the-shoulder in demanding greater control through ideological leanings, political strategies, and goals23and have therefore started participating in the political agenda of Kashmir. Pakistan have always sibyllic these groups probably to avenge the 1971 episode in which India supported the creation of Bangladesh which was then a part of Pakistan. The separatists have deep animosity towards the Indian government and they are ruthless in displaying their discontent towards people who favor India.While the challenges that the stakeholders face is mottled, all the parties (India, Pakistan, Separatist and even China) should look to bring peace in the region. There can be numerous ways of coming out of the quagmire but it will require concerted efforts from every party and at the same time each player should be willing to be more open minded in accepting the credibility of the other par ty.Resolving the Kashmir DisputeThe first step would be to demarcate the boundaries of Kashmir in a manner such that all the parties agree to it. It should be noted that the people of Kashmir should have their consensus before any line is drawn. Moreover history has proven that the Line of Control is a very volatile territory and very often the army of one country has a tendency to encroach upon foreign territory. It is therefore advisable that both the countries retract their army to a distance that is of considerable length. Involving a third party in the dispute has rarely paid off but the two countries could have a third party to monitor the activity at the borders. No third party would be willing to provide such support unless the financial assistance is provided by India and Pakistan. This will obviously be a costly affair but it will reconcile the two troops within safe distance from each other. While this is done, the Kashmir people can have their say in deciding their fate. Mere division of territories also presents numerous problems. Kashmir is home to various religious sects and this aspect of it has to be respected while move along the lines of a division. It is highly improbable for the Hindu dominated region to accept Pakistan while the Buddhist contingent have always opposed the intellect of a separate state.24Therefore when a divide is created based on vote structure, the people who will be the minority may face serious threats from the majority population. They would want to reside in a place where they find safety in numbers and the immigration of minority population may not be a smooth process as witnessed in 1947 after the partition took place. The nuclearization of India and Pakistan is thus an extraordinary moment in the narrative of Partition both its telos, in that it confirms the national jingoism and the bloodthirsty hatreds that propelled the mass slayings and movements of population in 1947.25Therefore even if Kashmir was to be div ided based on religious inclinations, both India and Pakistan must provide a safe environment for the minority groups.It is the responsibility of the governments on either side to include people in the administrative processes. Both should give more liberty, not merely by granting elections but also by rolling back restrictions on business, terminating governmental monopolies in trade and commerce, and encourage international investment bodies such as the World deposit and the Asian Development Bank.26This is one area where both the countries have failed miserably. Preoccupying the Kashmir people with trade and commerce could have at least reduced dissatisfaction from the indigenous masses. 80% of the people depend on agriculture while the mineral rich state has not been fully exploited for commercial production.27Kashmir is also a very scenic place and has the scope for exploiting the tourism industry that has the potential to provide job opportunities to a lot many Kashmiris. Th e other facet of facilitating trade and commerce is that Kashmir will be integrated with their respective Unions. It will also provide scope for growing infrastructure like schools, roads and hospitals. With quality education and prosperous job opportunities, hardline groups will not be able to lure the youth into committing radical activities. While sections of the society have been able to lead a life of opulence there are many who have been deprived of basic necessities.28It was primarily the children of the latter section of the society who had been hoodwinked into pursuing radical activities. Extensive infrastructure coupled with quality education could be a way of appeasing the unrest among youth who rarely have anything to do.While control over Kashmir has been the contentious issue for India and Pakistan, both the countries have failed to resolve issues to sharing of water bodies. Even if the territories were to be demarcated aptly in order to suit the likings of the local masses, Kashmir presents another problem that is very significant. The Kashmir imbroglio has always been looked upon as a territorial dispute and water sharing have been given little thought to water sharing treaties. Both have so far managed to uphold a World Bank-mediated Indus irrigate Treaty (IWT) that provides mechanisms for resolving disputes over water sharing.29One cannot rely on the Treaty being a resolute stance taken by both the countries and any form of water scarcity in any country could lead to non-conformant of the agreement. Hostilities over water sharing between India and its more benevolent inhabit Bangladesh has already started and one can only expect the same relationship between India and Pakistan if any scarcity arises. The Indus Water Treaty (1960)30that was intermediated by the World Bank has been able to keep both the parties at ease and the issue has not been the mooting point when peace dialogues have taken place. However one should realize the fact that the situation is still volatile. Over the years the issues concerning India and Pakistan have been Kashmir, insurgency, trade etc. Once these issues get resolved it is very likely that the issues related to water sharing may crop up and give rise to hostility between the two nations. As there is a rapid growth in urbanization there is a scarcity of potable water. Waterlogging, salinity, groundwater depletion and irrigation inefficiency continue to threaten agricultural production31and the Indus Water Treaty should be strong enough to be insulated from these phenomenon. It is also high time that the two countries looked at each other for support rather than going to international agencies. Both the countries have developed significantly over the years and they have sufficient resources to assess their situation better. Relying on the World Bank implies distrust towards each other and a sense of incapability to solve critical issues.Finally both the countries should not resort to an y means that destabilizes the region. On the Pakistani side there is the Inter-Services Intelligence that is accused of training militants not only in Kashmir but also in regions bounding Afghanistan. People holding responsible positions in Pakistans administration along with many retired personnel have hinted on the relationship between the Inter-Services Intelligence and the militant groups.32On the Indian side there is the Research and Analysis Wing that is accused of spying into Pakistan and involving in secret activities. Throughout the Soviet/Afghan War the Research and Analysis Wing was responsible for the planning and execution of terrorist activities in Pakistan to deter Pakistan from support of Afghan ignition movement against Indias ally, the Soviet Union.33Both sides accuse each other for facilitating bombing activities and resorting to means that destabilizes the region. This should be stopped immediately if both countries want to look at a brighter future. Sponsoring terrorism can have a retaliatory effect as illustrated by the Al-Qaeda Pakistan relation today. While Pakistan maintained a cordial relationship with the outfit, the 9/11 episode mandated Pakistan to take steps that would destabilize the group. Pakistan still faces a difficult choice whether to support the group in order to take advantage of state sponsored terrorism or to completely eradicate the presence of these fundamentalist group from Pakistani soil.The Kashmir conflict has become more heterogeneous since its inception and requires a thorough analysis of the issue in order to come to any definite solution. Moreover it is cannot be tackled by a one dimens